My Grandmother’s Eulogy Essay

On behalf of Snghs family I would like to thank you for access today to overlap in our sorrow, but also to share in our joy as we celebrate nans wonderful life. thither is no doubt that we are the luckiest seven grandkids who got a chance to share our life with an amazing person like my grandmother (Baljinder Kaur). To me my grandma was not a just a typical old grandmother who bosses close to and order us. To me she was my shopping buddy, cooking partner and not forget my tittle-tattle pal. There are so many things I will dribble of hers1.Her doing ardas every metre any of us going away2.Every even doing path so loud that you can hear her if you are in the basement.3.Her making kadi chawal for meThere are so many beautiful memories I have of her which I will cherish rest of my life. One of salok for gurbani that dadi ji used to reciteChinta taki kijiye, jo anhoni hoyeIhe marg sansar ko Nanik thir nahin koye Worry only about some(prenominal)thing that has neer happened,In thi s world O Nanak, there is nothing for ever.http//www.youtube.com/ slang?v=k0Kc7_QCgZkOne of her greatest pleasures was to work out in2. my grandmother that I saw, and I know we entirely saw, was that she was independent. Some would c exclusively it strong-willed, some would even call it stubborn. But truly, it was her unending independent spirit which do will so strong, and caused her to be so stubborn. 3. Death is a thick gift. It brings loved ones together, by separating them from the ones they love. Weve all been brought together today because of our love for my Grandmother, and all those whose lives shes touched.Her passing is a gift. Just as her life was a gift. No one wants to think about their own mortality, but we all know were not getting out of this thing alive. A closing in the family is just another wake up call, reminding us that we only have a short while on this Earth. The arrive of time we have here can never be known, and death is natures way of reminding us no t to squander the time that we have.My Grandmother was fortunate. She spent 87 years here, most of which were spent in good health.

Service Marketing Management

TITLE PAGE Subject MKT8003 expediency Marketing prudence Assignment 1 (Individual assignment) Title of Assignment Marketing Audit communicate inhabit tailfin Sdn Bhd Total Word Count 2000 words meet of Submission 31 August 2012 decision preparer SUMMARY This selling visited account hide is prepared for coterie Five to indicate how the organic law is soon performing in their work take. The level is prepared establish on secondary entropy gathitherd from reli adequate sources which is available online.In this report the reason of whoremongertonment Five lift middle school is explained to perceive the menses essential resources and capabilities in its preparedness for servicing their scratch client in Malaysia topical anaesthetic market. The finding of issue status as, overall(a) and major(ip) issues of the company as be measly, Overall Camp Five are current in spicy- give nonice customer focus and in fact the majority of regular mounters are non in the broad(prenominal)-end categories. Although the facility and technology is excellent advance compare to others enemys, the equipment casualty of proceeds has clearly enter it is unaffordable to the middle class, in that locationfore that is lack of free-and-easy head counts.The major problem is lacking of advance, Camp Five current r kayoedines the st placegy of word-of-m awayh, as per research 100% of inter imagineee bring forth the know Camp Five as from friends-to-friends referral only(prenominal)(prenominal), some other publicitys shall be implemented as to improve on the performance testament be shown in entice analysis in this assignment. TITLE PAGE Contents TITLE PAGE1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2 1. 0 PURPOSE OF REPORT4 2. 0 THE INTRODUCTION4 3. 0 TARGET guest7 4. 0 foreign ANALYSIS8 5. 0 INTERNAL ANALYSIS12 6. 0Service Quality abbreviation13 7. 0 SWOT ANALYSIS16 8. 0 TOW17 9. 0 refinement19 10. 0 LIST OF REFERANCE19 1 APENDIX SURVEY FORM21 How Do You Rate Yo ur move up? 22 1. 0 PURPOSE OF REPORT (222words) This is a continuous of audit report of Camp Five Sdn Bhd, The purpose of this report is to present the help angiotensin-converting enzymeself well persona from organization office and customer perspective point of view in delivering and receiving the return in utility marketing aspect. The elements covers include the infixed & orthogonal analysis of organization, transgress between the customers perception and expectation. Those factors leave alone put to work on to the organization and its services from the lyceenasium toward the end consumer now or in rankly.It is to help the organization to understand more(prenominal)(prenominal) ab out their customer and positive of unfermented customer. Same time the current marketing promotion plan mustiness be implementing in an incumbranceive way on it services quality reach the company tar feeled headcount for the secondary school. Scope of report, this report al s howtime for cover the analysis in phase one, the sources of the report is based on some level of internet resources, save mostly is from oppugn with customers and my friends as the employee which is dish upal in the company as manger blots.The recommendation of this service marketing audit lead be done in phase two of the following of this report. The monitoring of service leave behind be from time to time based and this marketing service audit report accuracy credibility will remain valid for the next sixsome month period. 2. 0 THE INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF THE SERVICE ORGANIZATION (335words) 2. 1 outline Background Camp Five is a place submits training and a place for training, working out and meets invigorated friends. It is facilitated with arise beleaguer, cafe, Pro shop, spicy technology shower down, kid place area and inspectorial training programs.Training program is intentional for children, beginners, leisure and advance come nearer or populate plenty hang for Yoga classes overly. The raise lycee is ope pass judgment under Switzerland management. The fence was built by rise wall BLOCX Sdn Bhd, which is the partnership company with Camp Five, Blocxs current major project are building and developing reel rise wall around Asia region, they head quarter is located in Oberwil Switzerland, the other indicatorfulness is located New Mexico America, Colombia South America and Shah Alam Malaysia.Camp Five Sdn Bhd started its operating theater since 2005 in Malaysia, located inside famous landmark shopping center of Kuala Lumpur The hotshot Utama obtain Complex. The internal lyceums environment is housed in 10m juicy air-conditioned render tower, a-state-of-the-art acclivity facility inside a shopping center, next to major business suite like TV3 and IBM speckle, Hotel, colleges and inter subject schools like KDU and KBU, hotel and the high end household area.For first time customer, it is a must to join the ascendingin g class they direct to pass on climber safety psychometric test and If you are first time in this gym customer need to pass personal acclivity skill testing partition is need before customer are able to check-in and use for the service. 2. 2 The Service Blue marking The steps of servicing process of Camp Five has provided as per below (Regular guest) Regular Customer footfalls of conception Camp Five grade 1 Customer Arrived to gym note 8 Interact with friends start to climb Step 2 registration Step 9 Trainer provide training Step 3 Check in, payment and term of a contract of skys Step 10 Customer true training Step 4 Collect grip fee and mold the member witticism Step 11 Take beg from lock, shower and depart attire Step 5 Updates establishment with payment Step 12 Return the member card collect rented gears Step 6 Change attire and wield beg at locker Step 13 Collect member card and process check out Step 7 Put on climbing gears Step 14 Customer leaving t he gymThe servicing blueprint of Camp Five has provided as per below (Regular New customers) It is content with 14 steps of service blueprint for regular and new customers with the service supports, support process, back stage, on stage and customer action show. 2. 3 The Marketing Mix 7Ps According to Kotabe and Helsen (2011, p332) companies can pursue three global strategies to while away foreign market, which is output extension, product adaptation and product invention.THE MARKETING alloy FOR camping quintuple SERVICES merchandise acclivity gym, Yoga class, go up training, somatic team building, Sales of climbing gear, Rental of gear Place handout location- Gym center Promotion Membership fees sack, Training course discount, Selected full point discount via Internet, Face-to-face, Facebook. Pricing naughty monetary value for per entry Average expense for rank and file 3 month-1 year. People student, Professional climber, Leisure climber, Working Adult, kin sperson wife, Children, Trainer Physical Evidence Innovative design, Well take note of climbing equipment, Tidy uniform, Membership cards, Clean and advance washroom. Processes From they enter the gym to exiting the gym. devalued payment process, Paid before entered, Simple check in process, in high spirits customer involvement, Well of training flows. 3. 0 TARGET CUSTOMER (116words) The character fictitious character of target customer is sports oriented they maybe adopt it away climber, leisure climber and explorer.This is Malaysian or non-Malaysia, working, living and studying within 15km from Bandar Utama area, male 50% and female 50% with the minimum earning of salary RM4000 to RM20,000 with some western nicety background. Camp Fives targeted customer can be separated into the following stems, 1. Student 2. remote Resident 1. Working Adult 1. Corporate & coach Group Description 1 Student studyity are from 15-25 age old, young male and female. Foreign student s who follow their family came and living in Malaysia or coming in alone with the purpose of further educations.As financial support by their parents with background mostly associated with high-end society, therefore cultural is more blustering to adventure sports with more buying power for entertainment good. 2 Foreign Resident Work migration under the foreign resident, coming in and working here as temporary for certain project for 1-5 years, with actually high income on average at lease RM 20,000 or more per month. pursuance for high quality lifestyle with high purchasing power, Caucasian or Asia came from high-technologys country. 3 Working Adult Locate Malaysian customer, working, living or studying around Petaling Jaya or KL area. In average a working person with personal income of minimum RM4000, male or female with high education level, outgoing personality and like sport. 4 Corporate school day Group customer is those will like to come for as a company or schools ev ent targeted for corporate team building function is not a routine activity. postpone 3a In the hierarchy of action model, customer was visit to this gym are experiential influence on behavior. Affect Behavior Cognitive.First come from their feeling want to try this climbing accept, and then they took action to climb lastly learning process. 4. 0 outside(a) ANALYSIS 4. 1 PESTAL ANALYSIS OF CAMP FIVE (290words) A PESTEL analysis of Camp Five Sdn Bhd, this model is designed measure on the macro-environment could effect on the organization. Includes with Political, Economic, Social, Technical Environmental and Legal issue, on average amicable issue carries the most weight in the climbing gym industrial, due(p) to it is an experiential goods and services. Factor IncludesPolitical Change profession rules, tax, change in disposal. Economic Interest rates, exchange rates, national income, inflation Social maturement population, attitudes to work, income distri bution, custome r taste, education levels, migration flow and working hours of customer Technological Innovation, new product development, rate of technological obsolescence, safety drinking water system, online advertizing Environmental Reduce use of paper, encourage cotton wipe, global warming, environmental issues Legal e. g. rival law, wellness and safety, employment law, business law prorogue 4aDETAIL OF PESTEL ANALYSIS IN CHART Political Factors Change in trading rules, Camp Five it is owe by a Sweden telephoner may influence the business trading depots. Tax, the rate will change in rock climbing product and equipment, all climbing equipment is imported good. If establishment is not s elude company may re-locate in the investment in other part of SE Asia. Economy Factors Exchange rates will influence of company income, because company HQ is in Europe. National incomes and unemployment rate, authoritative customer willingness to spend on leisure product like gym servicing.Inflation ra te will influence on the wages of staff and surgery expense, exchange rate of equipment, due to the product are all imported, when Euro and dollar mark value down. Social Factors Customer change in taste in transmutation of interest in this gym, aging of society, if this city gets older than the target group (aged of 14-45) will the target customer group will get smaller. Education and income level in product lines, people tent to concern more with health issue and increase in working-out in gym. If working hours increase the turning member able to visit at week days will decrease.Migration flows increases our customer will increase, and due to climbing sport is more popular in foreign country. Technology Factors The uses and for sales climbing devices and equipment is important product in our Pro-Shop, and the technology being use to with in the gym, free Wi-Fi connection, to the full air-conditions, high technology shower systems, water filler give customer with a confinab le gym environment as well as the auto- belaying device, customer can button up climb while waiting for their buddies arrived. Legal Factors Climbing environment is designed with anti-fire and safety pat material and cushions.It is always monitored by instruction eying around. Safety training and handbook ensure all customers understand the safety rules in the climbing gym and rules of use climbing equipment. meshing rules follow as per Malaysia government guideline in employment handbook. Camp Five apply Malaysia Law system where the mother company from Sweden applies EU law. Environmental Factors Encourage customer and staff reduces on use of tractile water bottom and encouraging drinking in refilled directly from pipe, reuse bin services is provided. Encourage customer to use cotton towel in the gym and cafe instant of paper.Weather change, determines people likeness to climbing interior or outdoor the day and the location, easy access to gym. add-in 4b 4. 2 ostiary Five Forces of Macro Environmental psychoanalysis The use for porter five forces analysis is the measure the threat within the rivalry and business. The give away rating system shake been applied as per following, mention Rating System (1. Very Poor, 2. Poor, 3. Neutral, 4. Good, 5. Very Good) The Rating System gatekeeper 5 Forces of Camp Five 5 Forces Camp Five Cyberjaya accident Mad Monkey 1. Existing rivalry 3 3 2 2. New first appearance 3 2 1 . B. P of purchaser 5 3 3 4. brat Substitute 5 3 2 5. B. P of Suppliers 3 4 2 Total 19 15 10 Rating System very poor-1 very good- 5 shelve 4b The detail of Porter Five Forces will be explained as per below chart (4c) Porters Five Forces of Competitive Position 2. New entering Medium there is the only gym within 20km from the resident, technology is in way advance than other, due to the built cost is high, but adversary can built in cheaper gym with lower cost. 5. Bargaining actor of Supplier 3.Bargaining Power of Buyer 1. Existing Rivalry Medium, the product has substitutes and negligible switching costs, which proceeds in low competitive pressures in the cut side. at the mass medium stage, although the quality and service is very good but there is still many customer prefer to go for low price choice lead to high degree of differentiation, therefore can be competitive. Buyer low stage the high end customer will preferred to purchase with receiving the outgo quality of service than switching to look for other alternative. 4.Threat Substitute Low level, as the product is exchangeable but the quality of facility and lifestyle is unlikely to be change by it taste. give in 4c 4. 3 Industry analytic thinking Due to this is a experiential goods in terms of economy and political will influence on change in it price, the long run of bargaining power with buyer and supplier are at every low risk, only seeing the possibility of new gym within this area can be co mpete with Camp Five but the possibility is still low, high chance of customer may lost interest and little visiting, due to friends, time of work and other reason. . 4 Customer Analysis The collection of data from customer analysis is conducted in face-to-face wonder and survey format, it is target to understand the customer needs and current marketing trends towards satisfaction measuring in the climbing gym environment by service provided located with Klang Valley area. 4. 5 Competitor Analysis Major competitor rock climbing gym within Malaysia, provided climbing service to rock climber, will be cyberjaya adventure center in Cyber Jaya, MadMonkey indoor bouldering center in Wangsa Maju, Shah Alam outdoor adventure in Shah Alam and The factory climbing gym in Subang Jaya. They provide service like top-rope climbing, bouldering wall, travels walls and lead wall climbing, however only Camp Five and Cyber Jaya Adventure was able to provide all the service in one center. The price a s quality show as below, 5. 0 INTERNAL ANALYSIS 5. 1 election Competency Analysis The uniqueness of Camp Five has believed in providing the outflank environment and the best service in Asia, with high quality level of modern lifestyle and beauty of sports.And all employees in any position and time are responsible to customer safety first, staff must take action to help and remain ensuring the individual safeness in climbing environment. 5. 2 Share Holders Analysis The matrix below shown in table below is applied to show the internal and external stakeholders that dupe direct or indirect impact on the growth of the business. Importance of stakeholder High Low Influence of stakeholder High Key group Silent group Partners Government Ministry of Environment Management, Shareholders New investor Low Vocal Group inapplicable group Employees Individual customers Marketing teams Contractor festernts, Cleaner Distributors Table 5a Stakeholder Analysis The key groups are partners, management, other shareholders and new investor. The customer groups are the key to the survival of the business. The faster the target market will turn into august customer, gym can sustain and growth in its business operation and provides in positive growth. 5. Performance Analysis Current the sales of the organization is the low head count especially in low indurate like long public holiday multiplication, although we adopt a hulky number of members but however they are non-actives, the targeted market share of customer group has not been achieved, overall survive on the long term membership customer which sign up for 6month-1 years membership. That could count on average of 40% of correspond business. The others revenue are selling on climbing equipment, team building outdoor projects for groups and climb pays per entrance. . 0Service Quality Analysis (298words) To measure the service quality of Camp Five I have provided the analysis based on face-to-face survey with interviewee with purchasing experience in Camp Five Climbing Gym, the analysis result show as below. (The full version of service survey form is reference in the appendix) The SERQUAL Model analysis will based on dubiousness 3-15 only, show as per below, SERQUAL Model of Service Survey Q Survey Questions 1 2 3 4 5 Q being answers Total draw No. f Interviewee Means 1 First time to this gym 60 600 n/a 60 n/a 2 How do you know this Gym 60 600 n/a 60 n/a Rate you overall experience (Scoring System data are serve for the GAP analysis) 3 Were you server Courteous? (If No-1, Yes- 5) 60 60 300 60 5 4 Were you server -Informative? (If No-1, Yes -5) 20 40 60 260 60 3. 7 5 Rate of hit expectation 60 60 240 60 4 6 stave helpfulness 10 40 10 60 240 60 4 7 The price of entrance fees 20 10 20 10 60 140 60 2. 8 The attribute of the gym 10 40 10 60 240 60 4 9 Varieties of climb 10 40 10 60 240 60 4 10 contrivance of this location 40 20 60 260 60 4. 3 11 Clean 10 20 30 60 260 60 4. 3 12 Environment safety 40 20 60 260 60 4. 3 13 Training experience 10 10 20 60 60 3 14 Quality gear for rent 10 20 10 40 120 60 4 15 Rate over climb experience 50 10 60 250 60 4. 2 personalised particulars 16 sexual practice 20 40 60 The details of this survey are provided in survey form on appendix at last knave of this report. 17 Age 20 30 10 60 18 Monthly Income group 50 10 60 19 relative frequency of visiting 40 10 10 60 20 intend to join membership 30 10 40 21 already member? 30 30 60 21A Which member plan? 10 10 10 30 Table 6a As per the rating system and survey 100% of customer gets to know about this gym by friends referral, as per survey the promotion is not strange enough in its attraction to new walk in customer. QUOTA SAMPLING QUOTA SAMPLING pelt along No. Survey % Chinese Male 8 13% young-bearing(prenominal) 12 20% Malay Male 5 8% effeminate 5 8% Indian Male 2 3% female 2 3% Forigner Male 13 22% Female 13 22% Total 60 100% Table 6b As per quota taste analysis shows that the 34%Chinese, 16% Malay, 6% Indian and 44% extraterrestrial being participant in the survey analysis. Overall customer were being serve courteous in scoring at the highest at 5, and the price of entrance fees tick at the lowest at 2. only. Interpreted the staff has a good family relationship and treated customer as very important, but however the price is disappointing from customers point of view. GAP ANALYSIS CUSTOMER PERCEPTION EXPECTATION ANALYSIS Provider Gap Customer forecast Customer Perception GAP Listening Gap 4 3 (1) Service Design and Standards Gap 4 4 0 Service Performance Gap 4 1 (3) Communication Gap 5 5 0 Total 17 13 -4 Dis-confirmation GAP Low-1, High-5 Table 6c Disconfirmation GapAs Disconfirmation model, as in the GAP model table shows in fit of -4 dis confirmation Gap between customer perception and expectations. Overall they score the highest gap -3 of performance gap, operation staff need to improves on its service performance skills in term of the uncontaminatingness of toilet, change in water filler, repairing of rental climbing equipment, quality of training and redesign the current price package. The intercourse and listening wish is very good scored at 0 gap means the customer is very satisfied with the current communication service of employee. . 0 SWOT ANALYSIS (242words) As per chart, show CAMP FIVE has more advantage in strengths and opportunity as compare to the failing and treats it has shown a positive growth in the afterlife. The further explanation will be shown as below. cogencys Weakness High in technology To pricey Strong employee capital High operation high-ticket(prenominal) Largest climbing gym in Asia Limit to a small customer group from interests public convenience of locatio n Good environment Opportunity Treats Expend to new customer via more promotion Product substitution springiness FOC test climb section and starchy-up promote Change of customer taste Tight up with government Low season International and locate competition Table 7a SWOT ANALYSIS IN DETAILS Strengths The strengths of Camp five they provides high technologies in wall climbing technologies following the latest and most up-dated as Europe standard, theyre the largest gym also the best climbing in Malaysia, further Malaysia Climbing Campion is working under Camp Five, all others is also professional certified training by UIAA. They are 10,000 substantive feet with located inside a shopping hall, gives customer all connivances, ripe in the middle of city. Weakness Price is too high for medium end climber or either some student which have time to come as compare to the others gym is about 25-40% higher(prenominal) than other like PutraJaya adventure and Mad Monkey gym, although they does not have the same location advantage. High operation cost, due to the rental, hiring of employee with design maintain and operating, they also have small customer group with attracted to this sports. Opportunity Customer group can be increase into varies of group including, student, working, employee and government, reach new market, increase in brand munificentty and awareness. improver in open competition number of event for members link with international, meanspirited up with UIAA Treats Customer may change in interest of climbing, low season people prefer going for holiday, change location to climb. Table 7b 8. 0 TOW TOWS (50words)A TOW Analysis to the advance of SWOT to particular the elements of service marketing address Intangibility, perishability, co-production, customer contact people, physical rise using Strength and Opportunity, Weaknesses and Opportunity, Strength and Threat, lastly Weaknesses and Threat (WT) exhibiting as per followings. INT ERNAL STRENGTHS INTERNAL WEAKNESS 1. High in technology 2. Strong employee capital 3. Largest climbing gym in Asia 4. Convenience of location 5. Good environment 1. To pricy 2. High operation expensive 3.Limit to a small customer group from interests EXTERNAL OPPRTUNITIES SO STRATEGIES WO STRATEGIES 1. Give FOC test climb section and tight-up promote 2. Tight up with government 3. International and locate competition 1. Increase on marketing tight up with government project. 2. Tight up with more international competition host in Camp 5 3. Create more events and draw awareness through press and news. 4. Get free climb section with event tight up with mall. 5. Advertise in Asia Climbing magazine. 1. Re-structure the price 2.Increase the sales volume after to co-operate rate, eg. IBM, One area Hotel staff and holiday restrainr discount rate, increase customer group. 3. Promote in tourism Malaysia. 4. Reduces on the use on electricity saving operation cost. 5. Attract exte rnal customer to try rock climbing EXTERNAL THREAT ST STRATEGIES WT STRATEGIES 1. Product substitution 2. Change of customer taste 3. Low season 1. Increase in brand royalty 2. Arrange more activity to get member together again 3. Give special promotion at low season/ week days . Target more office people and encourage them to come after office hours. 1. Avoid too much promotion rules in joining the membership 2. Promote friends-friends or buy one get one member free to crease interest of new members. 3. Let people enjoy this place more than other gym 4. Promote gym member switching discount or give 3 hours free personal training. Table 8a Strength and Opportunity (SO) By increase project from different dimension, attract more opportunity and take advantage of the good location.Increase events example in 2006 the World Cup Europe climber from UIAA attends to climbing during preparation for competition includes with national climbing team from Italy, France, Austria, Slovenia , Spain, Switzerland, and Germany etc. Weaknesses and Opportunity (WO) Make adjustment to the price and open up new market group like one world hotel tourist discount or business discount, VISA card member promotions, one-card member test climb section, promote the selling rigor in Point-to point exchange gift credit card promotion.Strength and Threat (ST) Use event to increase the brand royalty to passed , current and future customers. Target more people from the office around the gym to come, make road show to promote the gym and facilities. Weaknesses and Threat (WT) Try to make the promotion easy for customer to purchase try to avoid many Purchase to Purchase rules, try to give customer benefit able and interesting, when the headcount reaches the target (set a target) than cut of the special promotion and keep the regular promotion just to keep the royalty customers. 9. 0 CONCLUSION (215words)This report concludes that Camp Five is good place to youth people to work-out and meet new friends, Camp Five has the great quality and it is very suitable for the Malaysian marketing in it expansion. However in total they are lack of awareness, as rock climbing is still a very new sport for Malaysia as compare to the west, therefore promotion is an essential. Overall customer has a good rating with the service provided by Camp Five but however due to the other competitor in the marketing has some influence on customer perspective therefore the building the brand and royalty customer with in the climbing network is important.Customer overall has a high interest in rock climbing and I can see they are quite royal to the interest, but due to the most majority of climbing is in the low-middle end, rating of customer the price over is too high and not expectable by most long term climber, they will prefer to look for for other alternative to climb although the location may not be as convenience. Camp Five should take customer in as lower price and get more royalty c ustomer, focus on headcount is not important, however the suggestion for Camp Five will be presented in phase 2 of the assignment. 0. 0 LIST OF REFERANCE Company Research 1. Camp Five Sdn Bhd 2012, viewed 31 July 2012, http//camp5. com/ 2. BLOCX Sdn Bhd 2012, viewed 30 July 2012, http//www. blocx. com/projects/camp5. html 3. alpine 2012, viewed 2 Aug 2012, http//amga. com/programs/alpine_AGE. php 4. UIAA 2012, viewed 21Aug2012, www. theuiaa. org/ PESTEL Analysis 5. PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment by Oxford University Press. 2007, viewed 31 Jul 2012, http//www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/ additive/page_12. htm 6.PESTLE analysis history and application by CIPD. Retrieved Nov 2010, viewed 30 Jul 2012, http//rapidbi. com/the-pestle-analysis-tool/ Blue Print 7. Kotler,P,Brown, L, Adams,S Armstrong, G2004, Marketing, 6th edn, Pearson Education, Australia 8. Shostack, GL 1992, Understanding services through blueprinting, in T Swartz, D Brown S Brown(eds), Adva nces in services marketing and management, vol. 1,JAI Press, 9. Greenwich, CT, pp. 75-90. 10. Dr C. Thomas Oliva(2012), introductory blueprint reading and sketching 50 th edn, Thomas Delmar. 11.Newell Frederich(1926), customer relationship management in the new era of internal marketing, New York, capital of the United Kingdom McGraw-Hill, 2000 12. Valarie A. Zeithaml, Mary Jo Bitner and Dawayne Gremler (2008), Service Marketing Integrating customer focus crossways the firm 5th ed. Service Marketing 13. Christopher Lovelock and Jochen Wirtz (2011), Services Marketing People, Technology, Strategy. seventh ed. , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice Hall Porters Model 14. Chapman, A 2004-2009, Porters Five Forces Model, BusinessBalls. com, Leicester, England, viewed 19 August 2011, http//www. usinessballs. com/portersfiveforcesofcompetition. htm another(prenominal)s 15. CIA 2012, The worldfact book, viewed 10 Aug 2012, https//www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook 16. Konopka, G. (1973) Requirements for Healthy Development of Adolescent younker, Adolescence. VIII(31), p. 24. 17. Thomas, A. (2003) Psychology of Adolescents, Self-Concept, Weight Issues and Body Image in Children and Adolescents, p. 88 11 APENDIX SURVEY FORM A survey forms has attach as the result outcome of interview with Camp Fives customer. CAMP 5 THE LARGEST IN ASIA How Do You Rate Your Climbing?We are attached to providing you with the best climbing experience possible, so we welcome your comments. disport fill out this questionnaire and place it in the box in our check-out reception counter. Thank you are you a first time coming to this climbing gym? YesNo How do you know about this climbing gym? AdsReferralOnline/LearnOthers Website from Vision enchant show __________________ * * How do rate the total expectation with us, please rate as per below. The reliability of the staff 12345 Disappointing exceptional The willingness the staff Helpfulness or comity 12345Disa ppointingExceptional Was you serve Courteous? Informative? YesNoYesNo The price of entrance fees. 12345 DisappointingExceptional The attribute of the gym Does the climbing level fits you? 12345 DisappointingExceptional Your favorite climbing level is ________________ (FRANCH or USA) Is there enough variety of climb. 12345 DisappointingExceptional entertain rate the connivance of this location? 12345 DisappointingExceptional CAMP 5 THE LARGEST IN ASIA How Do You Rate Your Climbing? We are committed to providing you with the best climbing experience possible, so we welcome your comments. ravish fill out this questionnaire and place it in the box in our check-out reception counter. Thank you are you a first time coming to this climbing gym? YesNo How do you know about this climbing gym? AdsReferralOnline/LearnOthers Website from Vision Please portion __________________ * * How do rate the total expectation with us, please rate as per below. The reliability of the staff 12345 Disapp ointingExceptional The willingness the staff Helpfulness or favor 12345 DisappointingExceptional Was you serve Courteous? Informative? YesNoYesNo The price of entrance fees. 12345DisappointingExceptional The attribute of the gym Does the climbing level fits you? 12345 DisappointingExceptional Your favorite climbing level is ________________ (FRANCH or USA) Is there enough variety of climb. 12345 DisappointingExceptional Please rate the connivance of this location? 12345 DisappointingExceptional Was our gym clean? 12345 DisappointingExceptional Safety of environment and climbing area? * * 12345 * Disappointing Exceptional Please rate your overall training experience. (If any) 12345 DisappointingExceptional Name of course ______________________ Please rate the quality of gears. If any) 12345 DisappointingExceptional Please rate your overall climbing experience. 12345 DisappointingExceptional Personal particulars Please be assure as this particular will only be analysis on a positiv e bases as for the indite and not for individual use, be assure those details will not be use for another purpose. Gender Male Female Age 15 and 15-20 21-3031-4040 and Below More Monthly Income Student 20002000- 4001- 6000 or No Income or lower 4000 6000 higher How frequently do you visit our gym? -5 times per month 1-2 times per month Once every 2 months Other Do you plan to join to our gyms membership? ?? Yes No You already have the membership? ?? Yes No ? 10pass 3mths6mths12mths 12mths (Prepaid) (Installment) Was our gym clean? 12345 DisappointingExceptional Safety of environment and climbing area? * * 12345 * Disappointing Exceptional Please rate your overall training experience. (If any) 12345 DisappointingExceptional Name of course ______________________ Please rate the quality of gears. (If any) 12345DisappointingExceptional Please rate your overall climbing experience. 12345 DisappointingExceptional Personal particulars Please be assure as this particular will only be anal ysis on a positive bases as for the profiling and not for individual use, be assure those details will not be use for another purpose. Gender Male Female Age 15 and 15-20 21-3031-4040 and Below More Monthly Income Student 20002000- 4001- 6000 or No Income or lower 4000 6000 higher How frequently do you visit our gym? -5 times per month 1-2 times per month Once every 2 months Other Do you plan to join to our gyms membership? ?? Yes No You already have the membership? ?? Yes No ? 10pass 3mths6mths12mths 12mths (Prepaid) (Installment) * Would you recommend our climbing gym to a friend? Why, or why not? * How might we have make it more memorable to you? What training course did you taken? How is your experience? ( if any) * Please share any additional comments or suggestions. Camp 5 Climbing Gym Camp Five Sdn bhd EZ501, 5th Floor, 1 Utama Shopping nucleusBandar Utama, 47800, Selangor, Malaysia Phone (603) 77260420/410 Fax (603) 77260210 http//www. camp5. com email&160protected com * W ould you recommend our climbing gym to a friend? Why, or why not? * How might we have made it more memorable to you? What training course did you taken? How is your experience? ( if any) * Please share any additional comments or suggestions. Camp 5 Climbing Gym Camp Five Sdn bhd EZ501, 5th Floor, 1 Utama Shopping Centre Bandar Utama, 47800, Selangor, Malaysia Phone (603) 77260420/410 Fax (603) 77260210 http//www. camp5. com email&160protected com

Teen Pregnancy Is One Hundred Percent Preventable

juvenile Pregnancy Retha McDonald none Essay ? Abstract The following research paper contains important development on how you quarter prevent your adolescentaged from becoming pregnant. The thesis is all the way stated in my argument. Topic sentences and sub-topics support my theory. Teen Pregnancy and antenatal care are very important issues further can be avoided all together with patience, guidance and instruction from responsible parents. Parents bemuse to treat issues much(prenominal)(prenominal) as safe sex, prevention of gestation along with topics such as showcase control and being abstinence until marriage.This paper allow besides cover issues dealing with peer pres legitimate. ? Teen pregnancy and prenatal care Parents need to reason the brilliance of abstinence with their teenagers. If a teen was to become pregnant, prenatal care is the prohibiteddo way to provide and correspond the safe arrival of an unborn child. Teenagers are non being taught a t home astir(predicate) the practice of safe sex and prevention of an friendless pregnancy. Teenagers that are sexually active need to be put on birth control and taught about STDs, which mean sexual transmitted disease. Teen pregnancy is one hundred percent preventable.Sex and prevention Teenagers are not being taught at home about safe sex and prevention. When a child starts puberty or even before puberty parents should discuss changes that are happening with their bodies. Explaining that it is normal to smelling attraction toward the opposite sex, but acting on those feelings can result in serious consequences. Parents should also go into particular issues dealing with the dangers such as STDs, and unwanted pregnancies. Discussions about birth control and abstinence should be discussed at an wee age.Parents should parley to their teens in a comfortable vexting so the child wint feel like they are being lectured, but feel like they are in an open conversation that they can centre in and ask for advice. Parents should allow cartridge holder during the end for teenagers ask any(prenominal) questions that they might confuse. In the article Is Parenting Associated with Teenagers Early inner Risk-Taking, Autonomy and kin with Sexual Partners? Crabtree, S. (2005) states very extensive Research showed that relationships between parents and teenagers are conjugated to various outcomes associated with teenagers first sexual experience. Parents have a big influence on their children future and they play a major(ip) role in the mien that their child go forth exhibit. Parents have to set values, perfect communication about sex will help work out beliefs in teenagers and they will have the necessary skills to deal with situations if confronted with sexual advances. Parkes, A. (2011) states educational activity teenagers to abstain from sex is also associated with teenagers not salty in uncivilized sexual behavior, positive parenting has shown it will delay first sex. right(a) prenatal careAdolescent childbearing negatively affects society and families, and increases health risks, as well as developmental and childrearing problems for puzzles and children (Letamo &Majelantle 2001 Smith & Pell 2001). Underage childbearing whitethorn result in miscarriage, preterm births and repeated pregnancies, with increased rate of low birth weight delivery, neonatal death and subsequent incidence of infant infirmity (Williams &Delavan 2006). Teens that do become pregnant do not start out the proper prenatal care because they are timid to approach parents they have feelings of being ashamed of what they have done.They are embarrassed, and they feel that they may have let the family down. Majority of teen pregnancies are hidden and kept mystery up until month six or seven, simply because the teens are afraid to speak up. They come to a crossroad where they know that soon they will need medical attention. What teens dont realize i s that they are flexile their health and the health of their unborn child every pregnancy demand to be monitored by a doctor prenatal vitamins need to be given, possibly iron pills.While pregnant the teen could form serious conditions such a preeclampsia or develop high blood pressure. Proper prenatal care is a must with any pregnancy this is to control the safe arrival of a baby and making sure the mother is healthy before, during and after the birth. Immaturity is implicated as a cause of most problems with preterm labor. Monitor your children Teenage parenthood passed down through generations, with the children of boylike mothers becoming parents themselves at an early age, such a difficult tradition to break. Frances, G. (2011) monitor your children. Know where your children are at all times. Know the play along that they keep. Most of the time parents like to feel that they know what their child would and would not do. That is not always the case when you have one bad ap ple sometime teens can easily be persuaded to fit in with the favourite crowd, it is important to know the company that your teen is surrounded by. Bad linkup and peer pressure can lead down a noble road of destruction for example an unwanted pregnancy.Teens should not have a lot of idle time. Engaging in an after school curriculum or sports can keep your teen busy from just break out with friends and possibly experimenting with sexual behavior. Family outings on the weekends learning activities, family oriented activities that can include all the kids not just the teen, helping with yard work, make something with dad, planting and gardening with mom are ways to insure that your teen is safe and not being pressured in the streets and forced into sexual behavior too soon.Activities with the family will ensure you are monitoring your teen justly and know where they are at all times. Conclusion Teen pregnancy is one hundred percent preventable parents need to discuss the importa nce of abstinence. If a teen was to become pregnant prenatal care is the best way to provide and insure the safe arrival of an unborn child. monitor your teens friends and who they are affiliated with, by finding out where they like to hang out and go in their free time can warrant some behaviors that you wouldnt want your teen engaging in.Start talking to your teen about safe sex at an early age and teaching them about the dangers that come with having sex is a sure way to keep away the STDs and the unwanted pregnancies. Work Cited and file name extension Crabtree, S. (2005). Teens on Sex Education Abstinence-Only or Safe-Sex Approach. Gallup Poll Tuesday Briefing, 1-3. Parkes, A. (2011). Is Parenting Associated with Teenagers Early Sexual Risk-Taking, Autonomy And Relationship with Sexual Partners. Perspectives On Sexual Reproductive Health, 43(1), 30. inside10. 1363/4303011 Chen, C. W. , Tsai, C.Y. , Sung, F. C. , Lee, Y. Y. , Lu, T. H. , Li, C. Y. , Ko, M. C. (2010). Adverse birth outcomes among pregnancies of teen mothers age-specific analysis of national data in Taiwan. Child Care, Health Development, 36(2), 232-240. doi10. 1111/j. 1365-2214. 2009. 01039. x Mahavarkar, S. H. , Madhu, C. K. , Mule, V. D. (2008). A comparative reckon of teenage pregnancy. Journal Of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 28(6), 604-607. doi10. 1080/01443610802281831 Frances, G. (2011). Teenage pregnancy successes and challenges. design Nursing, 22(1), 12-16.

Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 6

whydidnt we scantily kill her? kestrel asked.Rowan and Jade adverted at each other. There were few amours they agreed on, only if maven of them was emphatically Kestrel.. First of all, we agreed not to do that here. Wedont use our powers-And we dont feed on humans. Or kill them, Kestrel finished the chant. scarcely you already used yourpowers this evening you called Jade.I had to let her k standardised a shot what story Id on the dot toldab forbidden Aunt Opal. Actually, I should switch plannedforthis earlier. I should have realized that people atomic number 18 sacking to come and ask where Aunt Opal is.Shes the only oneness whos postulation. If we killed her-We cant respectable go killing people in our new home,Rowan utter tightly. Besides, she express she had familywaiting for her. Are we going to kill all of them?Kestrel shrugged.We arenotgoing to singlet a blood feud, Rowan said even more than tightly. exactly what intimately influencing her? Jade said. Shew as sitting with Tiggy in her arms, kissing the velvet-textured black reach of the kittens crack. Making her forget shes suspicious-or qualification her take she preceptAunt Opal?That would be fine-if it were comely her, Rowansaid patiently. But its not. Are we going to influencee actuallyone who comes to the business firm? What ab come to the forepeople who call on the phone? What aboutteachers?You two are supposed(a) to start school in a couple of weeks.Maybe well just have to miss that, Kestrel said without regret.Rowan was shaking her head. We film a permanent solution. We need to find some reasonable translation for why Aunt Opal is gone.We need to move Aunt Opal, Kestrel said flatly.We need to get rid of her.No, no. We capacity have to urinate the body,Rowan said.Looking homogeneousthat?They began to argue about it. Jade rested her chin up on Tiggys head and stared out the multipaned kitchenwindow. She was thinking about preindication Carter, who had much(preno minal) a gallant heart. It gave her a pleasantlyforbidden thrill just to picture him. Back home in that respect werent any humans world-wide around free. Shecould never have been tempted to break NightWorld law and fall in love with one. But here yes, Jadecould almost imagine move in love with Mark Carter. Just as if she were a human girl.She shivered deliriously. But just as she was tryingto picture what human girls did when they were inlove, Tiggy gave a sudden heave. He twisted out of her arms and hit the kitchen storey running. The fur onhis back was up.Jade beted at the window again.She couldnt take help any topic. But she mat up She turned to her sisters. Something was out there in the garden tonight, she said. And Icouldnt smellit.Rowan and Kestrel were still arguing. They didnt hear her.bloody shame-Lynnette opened her look and sneezed. Shed overslept. Sun was shining around the edges of herdark blue curtains.Get up and get to work, she told herself. But instead sh e lay rubbing sleep out of her eyes and tryingtowake up. She was a night person, not a morningperson.The board was large and painted twilight blue. bloody shame-Lynnette had stuck the glow-in-the-dark starsandplanets to the ceiling herself. Taped onto the dresser reverberate was a bumper sticker saying I BRAKEFORASTEROIDS.On the walls were a giant repose map of the moon, a poster from the Sky-Gazers Almanac,and photographic prints of the Pleiades,theHorsehead Nebula, and the total eclipse of 1995.It was Mary-Lynnettes retreat, the dwelling to go when people didnt understand. She always felt safeinthenight.She yawned and staggered to the bathroom, grabbing a pair of jeans and a T-shirt on the way. She wasbrushing her hair as she walked down the stairs when she perceive voices from the animated room.-252Claudines voice and a male voice. Not Mark weekdays he usually went to his friend Benshouse.A stranger.Mary-Lynnette peeked through the kitchen. Therewas a cuckoo sitting on th e biography room couch. She could jut only the back of his head, which was ash tree blond. Mary-Lynnette shrugged and started to open therefrigerator, when she heard her own name.Mary-Lynnette is very good friends with her, Claudine was saying in her quick, lightly accentedvoice. I look on a few long time ago she helped her fix up a goat shed.Theyre public lecture about Mrs. B.Why does she keep goats? I think she told Mary-Lynnette it would help since she couldnt get out thatmuch anymore.How strange, the guy said. He had a lazy, careless-sounding voice. I wonder what she meantbythat.Mary-Lynnette, who was now peering intently through the kitchen while keeping absolutely still,sawClaudine give one of her slight, charming shrugs.I suppose she meant the milk-every day she has fresh milk now. She doesnt have to go to thestore. But I dont shaft. Youll have to ask her yourself. She laughed.-252Not going to be easy, Mary-Lynnette thought. Now, why would some strange guy be here askingq uestions about Mrs. B.?Of course. He had to be police or something. FBI.But his voice sham her wonder. He sounded tooyoung to be either, unless he was planning to filter Dewitt High as a narc. Mary-Lynnette edgedfartherinto the kitchen, getting a better view.There-she could keep in line him in the mirror.Disappointment coursed through her.Definitely not old plenty to be FBI. And much asMary-Lynnette wanted him to be a keen-eyed, quickwitted, hard-driving detective, he wasnt. He was only the handsomest boy shed ever seen in her life.He was lanky and elegant, with long legs stretched out in front of him, ankles crossed under the cocoatable. He looked same(p) a big amiable cat. He had deancut features, passably tilted wicked eyes, and adisarming lazy grin.Not just lazy, Mary-Lynnette checkd. Fatuous. Bland. Maybe even stupid. She wasnt impressed bygood looks unless they were the thin, brown, and interesting kind, like-well, like Jeremy Lovett forinstance. Gorgeous guys-guys wh o looked like bigash-blond cats-didnt have any reason to develop theirminds. They were self-absorbed and vain. With IQs barely high enough to keep a seat warm.And this guy looked as if he couldnt get awake orserious to save his life.I dont care what hes here for. Ithink Ill go upstairs.it was so that the guy on the couch get up onehand, wiggling the fingers in the air. He half-turned. Notfar enough actually to look at Mary-Lynnette, still far enough to make it dear he was dress downing tosomebody behind him. She could now see his profilein the mirror. Hi, there.Mary-Lynnette, is that you? Claudine called.Yes. Mary-Lynnette opened the refrigerator doorand do banging noises. Just getting some juice. thence Im going out.Her heard was beating hard-with embarrassmentand annoyance. Okay, so he must have seen her in themirror. He probably thought she was staring at him because of the way he looked. He probably hadpeople staring at him everywhere he went. So what, big deal, go away.Don t go yet, Claudine called. Come out here and peach for a few minutes.No. Mary-Lynnette knew it was a childish and stupid reaction, but she couldnt help it. She banged a bottle of apricot juice against a bottle of Calistoga sparkling water.Come meet Mrs. Burdocks nephew, Claudine called.Mary-Lynnette went still.She stood in the rimed air of the refrigerator, lookingsightlessly at the temperature dial in the back. Thenshe put the bottle of apricot juice down. She twisted a Coke out of a six-pack without comprehend it.What nephew? I dont remember hearing about any nephew.But then, shed never heard much about Mrs. B.s nieces either, not until they were coming out. Mrs. B.just didnt talk about her familymuch.So hes her nephew. . . thats why hes askingabout her. But does he know? Ishe in on it with those girls?Or is he after them? Or .. .Thoroughly confused, she walked into the living room.Mary-Lynnette, this is ash. Hes here to visit withhis auntie and his sisters, Claudine said. a sh,this isMary-Lynnette. The one whos such good friends with your aunt.Ash gotup, all in one lovely, lazy motion. Just like a cat, including the stretch in the middle. Hi.He offered a hand. Mary-Lynnette touched it withfingers damp and cold from the Coke can, glanced upat his pillowcase, and said Hi.Except that it didnt happen that way.If happened like this Mary-Lynnette had her eyeson the carpet as she came in, which gave her a goodview of his Nike tennis dress and the ripped kneesof his jeans. When he stood up she looked at hisT-shirt, which had an obscure design-a black floweron a sportsmanlike background. Probably the emblem ofsome rock group. And then when his hand entered her welkin of vision, she reached for it automatically,muttering a greeting and looking up at his face justas she touched it. And This was the part that was hardto describe.Contact.Somethinghappened.Hey, dont I know you?She didnt. That was the thing. She didnt know him-but she felt that she should. She al so felt as ifsomebody had reached inwardly her and touched herspine with a live electric wire. It was highly notenjoyable. The room turned vaguely pink. Her throat swelled and she could feel her heart beating there.Also not-enjoyable. But somehow when you put it alltogether, it made a kind of trembly dizziness like Like what she felt when she looked at the Lagoon Nebula. Or imagined galaxies gathered into dustersand superclusters, bigger and bigger, until size lost any meaning and she felt herself falling.She was falling now. She couldnt see anything except his eyes. And those eyes were strange, prismlike,changing color like a star seen throughheavy atmosphere. Now blue, now gold, now violet.Oh, take this away. Please, I dont want it.Its so good to see a new face around here, isntit? Were very boring out here by ourselves,Claudine said, in completely prescript and slightly flustered tones. Mary-Lynnette was snapped out of hertrance, and she reacted as if Ash had just offered her a mongoose instead of his hand. She jumpedbackward,looking anywhere but at him. She had the feeling of being salvage from falling down a mineshaft.O-kay, Claudine _ said in her crafty accent.Hmm. She was twisting a strand of curly dark hair,something she only did when she was extremely ner vous. Maybe you guys know each other already?There was a silence.I should say something, Mary-Lynnette thoughtdazedly, staring at the fieldstone fireplace. Im actingcrazy and mortify Claudine.But what just happened here?Doesnt matter. Worry later. She swallowed, plastered a grin on her face, and said, So, how long areyou here for?Her mistake was that then she looked at him. Andit all happened again. Not sort of as vividly as before, maybe because she wasnt touching him. But the electric shock feeling was the same.Andhelooked like a cat whos had a shock. Bristling. Unhappy. Astonished. Well, at least he wasawake,Mary-Lynnette thought. He and Mary-Lynnettestared at each other while the room spu n andturned pink.Whoare you? Mary-Lynnette said, abandoning any vestige of politeness.Who areyou? he said, in just about exactly the same tone.They both glared.Claudine was making little clicking noises with her tongue and clearing away the tomato juice. MaryLynnette felt distantly sorry for her, but couldntspare her any attention. Mary-Lynnettes wholeconsciousness was focussed on the guy in front of her on fighting him, on blocking him out. On getting ridof this bizarre feeling that she was one of two puzzle pieces that had just been snapped together.Now, look, she said tensely, at the precise turn that he began brusquely, Look-They both stopped and glared again. Then Mary-Lynnette managed to tear her eyes away. Somethingwas tugging at her mind .Ash, she said, getting hold of it.Ash. Mrs. Burdockdid say something about you about alittleboy named Ash. I didnt know she was talking abouther nephew.Great-nephew, Ash said, his voice not quite steady. What did she say?She said that you were a bad little boy, and that you were probably going to grow up evenworse.Well, she had thatright, Ash said, and his ex pression softened a bit-as if he were on morefamiliar ground.Mary-Lynnettes heart was slowing. She found thatif she concentrated, she could make the strange feelings recede. It helped if she looked away from Ash.Deep breath, she told herself. And another(prenominal). Okay,now lets get things straight. Let go of what just happened forget all that think about it later. Whats primal now?What was important nowwas that 1) This guy was the brother of those girls 2) He might be in onwhatever had happened to Mrs. B. and, 3) If he wasntin on it, he might be able to help with someinforma tion. Such as whether his aunt had left a will, and if so, who got the family jewels.She glanced at Ash from the side of her eye. He decidedly looked calmer. Hackles going down. Chestlifting more slowly. They were both switching gear.So Rowan and Kestrel and Jade are your sisters, she said, with all the polite unconcern shecould muster. They seem nice.I didnt know you knew them, Claudine said,and Mary-Lynnette realized her stepmother washovering in the doorway, petite articulatio humeri against thedoorjamb, arms crossed, dishtowel in hand. I toldhim you hadnt met them.Mark and I went over there yesterday, MaryLynnette said. And when she said it, somethingflashed in Ashs facesomething there and gone before she could genuinely analyze it. But it made her feelasifshe were standing on the edge of a cliff in a cold wind.Why? What could be vituperate with mentioning shed met the girls?You and Mark . . .and Mark would be-yourbrother?Thats right, Claudine said from the doorway.Any other brothers or sisters?Mary-Lynnette blinked. What, youre winning a census?Ash did a bad imitation of his actor lazy smile. I just like to keep track of my sisters friends.Why?To see if you approve or something?Actually, yes. He did the smile again, with moresuccess. Were an old-fashion ed family. reallyold-fashioned.Mary-Lynnettes jaw dropped. Then, all at once,she felt happy. Now she didnt need to think aboutmurders or pink rooms or what this guy knew. all she needed to think about was what she was goingtodo to him.So youre an old-fashioned family, she said, pathetic a step forward.Ash nodded.And youre in charge, Mary-Lynnette said.Well, out here. Back home, my pose is.And youre just going to range your sisters which friends they can have. Maybe you get to decideyour aunts friends, too?Actually, I was just discussing that.He waved a hand toward Claudine.Yes, you were, Mary-Lynnette realized. She took another step toward Ash, who was still smiling.Oh, no, Claudine said. She flapped her dishtowelonce. Dont smile.I like a girl with spirit, Ash offered, as if hedworked hard on finding the most obnoxious thingpossible to say. Then, with a sort of determined bravado, he winked, reached out, and chuckedMary-Lynnette under the chin.Fzzz Sparks. Mary-Lynnette sprang back. So didAsh, looking at his own hand as if it had betrayedhim.Mary-Lynnette had an inexplicable desire to knock Ash flat and fall down on top of him. Shed neverfelt that for any boy before.She ignored the impulse and kicked him in the shin.He yelped and hopped backward. Once again the sleepy smugness was gone from his face. He lookedalarmed.I think youd better go away now, Mary-Lynnette said pleasantly. She was amazed at herself.Shed never been the violent type. Maybe there werethings hidden deep inside her that shed neversuspected.Claudine was gasping and shaking her head. Ashwas still hopping, but not going anywhere. MaryLynnette groundbreaking on him again. Even though he was half a head taller, he backed up. He stared at herin something like wonder.Hey. Hey, look, you know, you really dont knowwhat youre doing, he said. If you knewAndMary-Lynnette saw it again-something in his face that made him suddenly look not fatuous oramiable at all. Like the reflect of a knife blade in the light. Something that saiddanger .Oh, go bother individual else, Mary-Lynnette said. She drew back her foot for another kick.He opened his mouth, then shut it. Still holding his shin, he looked at Claudine and managed a lessened andmiserable flirtatious smile.Thanks so much for all your-GoHe lost the smile. Thats what Im doingl He limped to the front door. She followed him.What do they call you, leastways? he asked from the front yard, as if hed finally found thecomebackhed been looking for. Mary? Marylin? Mlin?M.L.?They call me Mary-Lynnette, Mary-Lynnette said flatly, and added under her breath, That dospeak of me. Shed read The Taming of the shrewmouse in honors English last year.Oh, yeah? How about Mlin the cursed? He was still backing away.Mary-Lynnette was startled. So maybe his class hadread it, too. But he didnt look smart enough toquote Shakespeare.Have fun with your sisters, she said, and shutthe door. Then she leaned against it, trying to getherbreath. Her fi ngers and face were prickly-numb, as if she were going to faint.If those girls had only murderedhim, Id understand, she thought. But theyre all sostrange-theressomething seriously weird about that whole family.Weird in a way that scared her. If shed believed in premonitions, shed have been even more scared.She had a bad feeling-a feeling that things weregoing to happen.Claudine was staring at her from the living room.Very fabulous, she said. Youve just kicked a guest. Now, what was that all about?Hewouldnt leave.You know what I mean. Do you two know eachother?Mary-Lynnette just shrugged vaguely. The dizziness was passing, but her mind was swimming withquestions.Claudine looked at her intently, then shook herhead. I remember my little brother-when he wasfouryears old he used to moil a girl flat on her face in the sandbox. He did it to show he liked her.Mary-Lynnette ignored this. Claude-what wasAshherefor? What did you talk about? nearly nothing, Claudine said, exasperated Justordin ary conversation. Since you hate him somuch,what difference does it make? Then, as Mary Lynnette kept looking at her, she sighed. He wasvery interested in weird facts about life in the country. All the local stories.Mary-Lynnette snorted. Did you tell him about Sasquatch?I told him about Vic and Todd.Mary-Lynnette froze. Youre jolting Why?Because thats the kind of thing he asked aboutPeople lost in time-?Losing time.,?Whatever. We were just having a nice conversation. He was a nice boy. Finis. Mary-Lynnettes heart was beating fast.She was right. She was accepted of it now. Todd andVicwereconnected to whatever had happened with the sisters and Mrs. B. But what was theconnection? Im going to go and find out, she thought.

Political Economies

Contemporary political economies argon mixtures of fascism, socialism, capitalism, anarchism, etc. around of them stress aspects of certain governing bodys more than those of others but in each iodin will find a mixture. Recent more frequently than not fascist systems are those of Mussolinis Italy, Perons Argentina, Hitlers Third Reich, C keep upz Venezuela, and several(prenominal) of recent Middle Eastern regimes (e. g. , Libya), Egypt, et al. So called communist regimes are also effectively fascist since they tend to be command by an undemocratic group of rulerse. . , North Korea, Cuba. Welfare Statism The eudaemonia offer or, from the economic viewpoint, the mixed economy, may be understood as a combination of the principles of capitalism and socialism. Sometimes the emphasis in this system is determined not so much on economic as on certain moral considerations. Basically the welfare kingdom consists of a good system that aims at securing for every atomic number 53 th e negative salutary to liberty and the haughty right to well being.The welfare state, which is to say most Western countries, balances the two determine that together seem to its advocates to be the bedrock of a civilized society. No one ought to have his or her sovereignty seriously compromised, nor should anyone be permitted to inclination below a certain standard of living. This is difficult to maintain ecause at different times one or another of these objectives will likely take priority and in mostly democratic systems political leaders will vacillate between giving more support to one or the other.The right to strike, for example, which is the negative liberty to quit ones Job in an effort to gain respect for ones terms of employment, may conflict with the positive right to be provided with various servicese. g. , health care, mail pitch shot or education. It is indeed a prominent feature of the welfare state that both negative and positive rights receive their legal pro tection. Negative rights take up respect for a persons life, liberty and propertythat is, everyone is by law vatical to abstain from interfering with these.Positive rights, in turn, involve respect for a persons radical needsthat is, everyone who is unable to secure the requirements ot survival and even tlourishing is supposed to have those provided by way of the appropriate public policy (e. g. , taxation, mandated services, public education, bailiwick health care). The moral underpinnings of the welfare state can be utilitarianism, selflessness or certain intuitively held moral precepts. Utilitarianism requires that all pursue the eneral welfare and whatever public policies to facilitate this were needed would be justified.Although many utilitarians retrieve that the general welfare is best achieved when government operates in a largely laissez-faire fashion, there is no objection to government intervention in social affairs if without those many in the society may pass out to achieve a decent and prosperous form of life. Altruists, in turn, often hold that to make certain that people fulfill their primary debt instrument to help others, it is necessary to introduce public measures that will secure such help, given that many might wish o breach their avocation to do the right thing.Finally, there is the claim that by our common intuitions it is observable that both a measure of personal liberty and social welfare must be guaranteed to all, lest the quality of life in society authorize below what it should be. While people object to the welfare state from several other perspectives, it is thought by its supporters to be the most stable sophisticated political orders. Although it is characterized by much dispute and controversy, in the long run, its supporters maintain, the system seems to be overall satisfactory and Just.

Christian individuals who act as models

The innovation is a dangerous place, and yet by example, perhaps Christians can earn a place of safe pasture in areas that are less(prenominal) than likely to be stopful.When reading Numbers 3533, Psalm 37 and Exodus 23, we learn that if we do not engage in the pixilated acts of our enemies, but instead try to do right by them we whitethorn make our own places of peace. Partially by deitys generate who will punish sinners when the time has arrived, and partially because we model good behavior, this sentiment seems a plausible reality. Understandably, humans learn ineffective behaviors such as greed and maliciousness from others around them sometimes they are brought up in homes where these sinful behaviors are not only acceptable but fostered and encouraged.While God may punish the wicked in their own time, he may also be eliminating them in a more gentle manner, by offering them healthy Christian individuals who act as models to teach them priggish behavior. By ignoring sinf ul deeds and instead teaching peace and almsgiving Christians can tending others understand that this world does not need to be such a harsh and cruel place to exist.When faced with muckle who tenderly move through their lives, not harming them and not filling their long time with toxic thoughts and ideas, Christians can act as the hand of God and help sinners to transform themselves and be redeemed.The Bible tells us not to worry approximately sinners or help them by reinforcing their twisted beliefs (through seeking revenge or participating in their lives) because those who cannot learn during this life may have to placard for their deficits in the next. Christians must do their best to be at peace with their enemies, and model Gods love, instead of furthering the injustice and violence of miserable human behavior. Through these means, we may slowly and steadily create a place of safe pasture with work and commitment to Gods greater plan.Works CitedThe New American Bible Fo r Catholics. (1986). South Bend Greenlawn Press. 

Commenting on “Thomas of Monmouth: Detector of Ritual Murder” Gavin I. Langmuir wrote “Thomas of Monmouth: Detector of Ritual Murder”

Commenting on doubting doubting doubting Thomas of Monmouth sensor of Ritual Murder Gavin I. Langmuir wrote Thomas of Monmouth sensing element of Ritual Murder, which was published in Speculums October 1984 issue. In this article Langmuir discusses Thomas of Monmouths investigation of St. William of Norwichs death, and directions of rite mar brought against Jews. Langmuir starts the article with some background information on The Life and Passion of Saint William the Martyr of Norwich, written by Thomas of Monmouth.He then makes his thesis statement Williamss death had occasioned the commencement exercise of the attached series of accusations from the one-twelfth to twentieth century that Jews committed ritual withdraw. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 821) Langmuirs argument is that Thomas of Monmouths admit is the red-brick inception of the fable that Jews commit ritual murder to act out the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Since the accusation of ri tual murder was withal move over in antiquity, Langmuir moves to prove disconnect between Norwich and those prior myths.He also goes into specific rough Williams murder, then Monmouths investigation and writings. He convincingly argues that Monmouth had allot to gain both in this world and the next by reporting Williams killing as a ritual murder preformed by Jews. Simply stated, Monmouth saw what he wanted to while analyze the crime. Langmuir uses a broad range of sources in his attempt to prove that the accusation at Norwich was not connected to the two accusations in antiquity. In this attempt he most frequently cites two deeds by Heinz Schreckenberg. He also cites over ten some other authors while bringing this smear home.On the other hand Langmuirs argument of Monmouths motivation for creating the myth burrows deeply into a limited body of material, mostly Monmouths throw itself. He also uses two other sources when discussing Theobald, and only cites Miracles and Pilgrims by Finucane other than that. In the middle ages people saw Satan as an busy force in the world. St. Gregory of Nyssa said when speaking of the Jews, that they were confederates of the devil. (Perry & adenine Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 75) Chrysostom called Jews inveterate murders, destroyers, men possessed by the devil. (Perry & Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 75) John (844) states in affection to Jews You argon of your father the devil, and your will is to do your fathers desires. (Perry & Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 75)Not only were the people of the middle ages on the lookout for the devil, but their perform was telling them that Jews were acting as his agents. This set up Jews as an abstemious scapegoat, and allowed for the creation of the ritual murder myth. In the case of William, Monmouth who was a monk had been predisposed to the notion that Jews were evil. In the gospels rendition as taken for centuries, the Jews are perceived as the Christ killers, a people co ndemned forevermore to suffer exile and degradation. This arch crime of decide, of murdering God, turned the Jews into the embodiment of evil, a felonious people. (Perry & Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 18)With this view it only makes sense that Monmouth would look to knock Jews for the boys murder, when murdering a boy is exactly something an evil criminal would do. It also makes sense that at the first sign of anything flat resembling a crucifixion he would point to Jews, because according to the gospels they had done it before.In 1095 pope Urban II began the first crusade when he called for a religious military crusade to liberate the holiest places in Christendom. (Laquer, The Changing Face of Antisemitism, 52) umteen Jews were slaughtered during this crusade for various reasons. One reason was that the crusaders were told anyone who killed a single Jew would father all his sins absolved. (Laquer, The Changing Face of Antisemitism, 52) Authority figures were telling peopl e that Jews are so evil that not only is murdering them OK, but it will even make up for anything wrong they had ever done.This was only fifty days before the incident at Norwich. With that mentality is only serves to reason that when the mine run unnamed people were presented with Jews as ritual murders, it would be believable to them. In the Article on the top of knave 822 Langmuir asks who first accused Jews of crucifying a Christian child out of religious hatred? Langmuir argues that there is not enough evidence to prove who killed William, or why. He does think there is enough evidence to establish that the enduring accusation of ritual murder began with Williams death. We know for certain that Monmouth accused Jews of ritual murder.Langmuir then scats backwards from that point to prove that it was the first modern accusation of its kind. Langmuir starts with the first known accusation of ritual murder in recorded history. He discusses how in ancient Greece a story circu lated that said every septenary social classs the Jews captured a Greek, fattened him up, killed him, and ate parts of him. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 823) He goes on to say that while the story did turn up in against Apion, the book was rare. He details why the book was rare, and does his outperform to prove a complete discontinuity between this accusation and Monmouths.Langmuir then writes about The second and only other relevant accusation against Jews in antiquity. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 825) He tells the story of how in approximately the year 415, in the city of Imestar, Jews were accused of taking a Christian boy, tying him to a cross, and beating him until he died. Langmuir argues that while the story did appear in Historia Tripartita only two copies were available in England, and that those copies date from the late twelfth or early thirteenth century, after the incident at Norwich.He also argues that tho se who borrowed from Historia Tripartia did so sparingly and most selectively, and the Imestar incident did not interest them. Again Langmuir proves disconnect between the two incidents. Assuming that these are the only two accusations ever made prior to Norwich, then yes Langmuir answers the Question from the top of page 822. In this article Langmuirs argument is persuasively supported, but he does not discuss the possibility of ritual murder stories being passed plenty orally. He also did not look at the possibility of books containing ritual murder accusations that whitethorn have been lost to history.For all we know Monmouth may have had a book that no longer exists detailing the accusations from antiquity or accusations we dont even know about. He is probably right in his conclusion that the incident at Norwich is the first modern accusation brought against Jews, but we cannot be sure. At times Langmuir calls into question other historians work, and makes convincing argument s as to why he thinks there wrong. He wrote referring to M. R. pack belief that Monmouths book was written in 1172 or 1173 there are several indications that the work was not all written at one time. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 838) Langmuir did address other historians work on the subject, but sense he was the first person to calculate that this was the first modern accusation of ritual murder, there were no other competing theories. I found this article to be very well organized, it position out information in way that made it easy to understand. I really thought it was a good read, and enjoyed reading it. Langmuir was both fire and informative. I would recommend this article to anyone interested in this period in history.

Early Literacy in Education Essay

Introduction Literacy acquire has a profound and immut able-bodied effect on the social and academic lives of kidren. Their future reproductional opportunities and public life choices are directly link to literacy ability. Since early baby birdhood is the period when address develops most rapidly, it is imperative that young babyren are tryd with a variety of developmentally appropriate literacy experiences throughout each day, and that the classroom environment is rich with language, twain spoken and printed.Early nestlinghood instructors are responsible for both intellect the developmental continuum of language and literacy and for brave outing each kidskins literacy development. Literacy learning begins at birth and develops rapidly during the pre initiate period. The main comp geniusnts of literacy angleening, speaking, claiming, and penningshould all be encourage and supported through conversations and activities that are meaningful to the child and that bear upon crowings and peers. Each childs interest and motivation to engage in literacy-related activities are evident before that child is able to empathize or write conventionally.Children should be provided with environments that encourage literacy exploration and their rising interpretation and writing behaviors should be valued and supported by their teachers. Effective language and literacy programs provide children who do not speak English with opportunities for listening, speaking, nurture, and writing in both English and the home language. It is grievous for the teacher to recognize the need to develop modifications in the presentation of vocabulary, directions, news reporttelling, information, and other oral language communication when working with children who do not speak English as their home language.These modifications whitethorn include the use of visual aids, scaffolding, repetition, rephrasing, and modeling. (NJ Department of Education, 2009) Gone are the geezerhood in which manual labor was the backbone of our society. We are a mess living in the information technology age. Everything that is done from brewing your cockcrow cup of coffee to setting your I-pod to wake you up morning and everything in between requires assumeing. Without reading a person testament face majuscule adversity in day to day living let totally success. It is now critical that every child and adult be able to read and comprehend.Over the past ten courses, the amount of information that requires one to read, utilize writing skills, problem solving, and critical thinking has grown enormously. Studies bind shown that one of the strongest indicators of a childs success in school is the educational attainment of his or her parents. As you stinker imagine, this flowerpot just effect more than the person who is illiterate. This hobo also be a death sentence of poverty and destitution as the child grows into matureness just as doors open for the life-long reader.Today we will discuss what is infallible to prepare children to read, the methods used to dish out recognize phonics and begin the transition into emergent readers, and what can be done to encourage reading in the future. cooking In order for a child to begin reading parents essential begin assisting their child from an early age. Every flavor a child takes toward learning to read leads to another. Bit by bit, the child builds the knowledge that is prerequisite for being a reader. Over their beginning 6 years, most children remonstrate and listen. Listen to stories read aloud. Pretend to read.Learn how to handle view ass. Learn most print and how it works. Identify letters by divulge and shape. Identify start out sounds in spoken language. spell with scribbles and drawing. come to single letters with the sounds they sword. plug in what they already know to what they hear read. Predict what comes next in stories and poems. Connect combinations of letters with so unds. Recognize simple words in print. Sum up what a story is slightly. Write individual letters of the alphabet. Write words. Write simple sentences. Read simple books. Write to communicate. Read simple books.Children can take more than one of these steps at the same duration. This list of steps, though, gives you a general idea of how your child will progress toward reading. (Helping your child become a reader) While these ideas whitethorn seem structured, it is also of the essence(predicate) to allow children to be creative and use their imagination. Although reading is imperative, too more arrangements and rules can turn a child off and lead to feelings of resentment, anger, and resistance. knowledge should be set to the tone and pace of the child. Emergent Readers As the standards of education change a consistent factor remains the focus on reading.Early childhood educators must provide an atmosphere that is both developmentally stimulating to the student while also meet ing the standards of education. The methods used to help recognize phonics and begin the transition into emergent readers vary from student to student. Without the foundation of phonics research shows that a child will not learn to read. on the whole children must know the alphabet in order to communicate effectively. Phonics cannot be drilled into the child. This will only produce memorization. Instead, educators must understand a childs individual needs as hygienic as balance.There is no true need to teach phonics as a separate subject. Most children will develop a sniff out of rarity from their own knowledge, ideas, and interest. There will of course be a give few that may benefit from a more formal instruction. When children adopt a reason to know this will provide enthusiasm. For example The startle letter and sound a child typically learns may be his or her own name. A teacher may ask billy goat to identify the first letter of his name. B replies Billy. What sound do es the letter B rag? Buh-buh-Billy exclaims the child. Billy is now inspired and driven to hope to learn the other sounds the letters make.Parents and teachers must also realize that reading will contrast greatly as children grow. Below is a list that may help each parent as well as teacher Infants Talk, read, and sing to infantsthey learn from everything they see and hear point in the first stages of life. Take your baby to the park, zoo, and the store with you. Bring her attention to objects, signs, and people. Always make books a part of your babys toy selection, even if he enjoys handling books more than being read to. As your child grows, position out pictures of objects and offer their names. Eventually, your child will be able to name the pictures, too.Encourage associations between symbols and their meaningas they get closer to toddlerhood, children may begin to recognize familiar signs for products and logos for cereal or steadfast food restaurants. Toddlers Help todd lers make the transition from baby talk to adult language by repeating their words and expressions correctly without reprimanding them. let toddlers read their favorite picture books by themselves while you remain close by to comment. Or, pause before a familiar word as you read to your toddler, and let her fill in the missing word. This works especially well with rhymes or repeated refrains.Provide magnetic and block letters to asseverate a toddler to the spelling of his name. Before you take your toddler on a new type of outing, read active the events you are just about to witness. Talk with your child about the experience, and follow up with further reading to reinforce learning. Preschooler Add new books to your childs collection, scarcely keep reading old favorites. Your preschooler may know them by heart nowthis represents an important step in learning about reading. Continue to take children shopping with you, and let them help identify products with coupons. Let preschoo l children join in as you follow a recipe.Take books on long trips with you to encourage reading as entertainment. School-age children Continue to read to your child, even if she has learned to read already. Take turns reading pages of your favorite books. Encourage story writing by listening to the stories children tell. Play word games like scrawl or Boggle with children and introduce them to crossword puzzles. (NAEYC, 1998) Encouragement The first step in teaching a child to read is encouraging them to read. Unknown. This is a proven fact in the development of children. A child that is encouraged has no limit on what he or she can achieve.As educators and parents the responsibility begins early. Reading will encourage children to develop a life-long hunch for learning. If knowledge is power, books are full of it. Why is reading so important to children? The Media Awareness Network emphasizes the potentially negative effects observation boob tube can have on kids. This inclu des increased exposure to violence, sexual content, and adversely affecting a childs course of development. In addition, watching television teaches children habits that promote a sedentary lifestyle, contributing to childhood obesity.Meanwhile, reading has been proven to enhance a childs life by assisting cognitive development and helping children build language skills. The United Nations Educational, scientific and Cultural Organization points out that reading helps children develop a sense of empowerment. It can also help children develop social and communication skills. Furthermore, true(p) reading skills increase educational opportunities and may dramatically increase a childs chances for academic and lifelong success (Lendabarker, 2010) There is a vast assortment of options for parents to help encourage reading at home. unitary of the longest running programs to encourage reading is Pizza Huts news IT program. This provides an incentive to motivate children to read. BOOK IT runs every school year from October through March. The teacher sets a reading goal for each child in the class. A tracking chart and reproducibles are included to make it that much easier. As soon as a child meets the periodical reading goal, the teacher gives him or her a Reading Award Certificate. (Pizza Hut) ductile BOOK IT goals are based on reading ability. Number of books, subprogram of pages, or number of minutes they all work.BOOK IT can also be used with the reading curriculum or as support for comprehension or intervention programs. For children not reading independently, the goal can be set where a parent or others read to the child. gaiety Pizza Hut is proud of all BOOK IT readers The restaurant manager and team congratulate every child for meeting the monthly reading goal and reward them with a free, one-topping Personal Pan Pizza, BOOK IT control board and backpack clip. Other ideas to encourage reading include Make a habit of reading to your child every day, wh ether she is a one-year-old or a 10-year-old.When your child is able to, have her read to you. You can take turns reading chapters in a simple chapter book, for example. Get a library placard for your child. Go to the library every week and take out some(prenominal) books. Be aware of your childs interests and direct your child to related books. Try to find a series that she really likes and will want to continue reading. Provide a comfortable reading area, with good lighting, in your home. Discuss books with your child. Buy books for your children that are related to their special interests.If your child is a reluctant reader and not reading on grade level, acquire her hi/lo books (books with a high interest level, low vocabulary). Talk to your childs teacher and ask for suggestions. If your child likes incentives and the computer, enroll in an online book group. If your child really enjoys a particular author, check with your librarian about other authors or books she might enj oy. Children also often enjoy the prospect to read childrens magazines As parents and educators, it is more important to spend time reading with your child on a consistent on-going basis.The method you select is not nearly as important as the time played out actually reading together. Conclusion Show me a child that can read and research will show you a child on his or her way to succeed. Parents, educators, grandparents, aunts, uncles all need to take time to read to a child. All too often parents rush out to steal the latest video game or latest toy. Where is that enthusiasm for the fuck of reading? How many children even see their parents read? We live in an age where technology surrounds us at every given importee that does not negate the need to read and to take an active enjoyment in the education of children.The research speaks for itself. Reading equals succeeding. Works Cited Bagert, B. C. (1993). Helping your child learn to read. Retrieved February 25, 2010, from Kids Source http//www. kidsource. com/kidsource/content/learread. html Lendabarker, K. (2010, January 3). Encouraging Children to Read. Retrieved February 25, 2010, from Suite101 http//earlychildhood. suite101. com/article. cfm/helping_children_develop_good_reading_habits NAEYC. (1998). Phonics and Whole run-in Learning. Retrieved February 25, 2010, from Education. com http//www. education. com/reference/article/Ref_Phonics_Whole/ NJ Department of Education.(2009, Unknown Unknown). Retrieved February 16, 2010, from www. state. nj. us www. state. nj. us/education/cccs/2009/PreSchool. doc Pizza Hut. (n. d. ). Pizza Hut. Retrieved February 25, 2010, from Pizza Hut BOOK IT program http//www. bookitprogram. com/bedtimestory/ Uknown. (n. d. ). Literacy Guide. Retrieved February 24, 2010, from Bankstreet http//www. bankstreet. edu/literacyguide/early2. html Unknown. (unknown, unknown unknown). Helping your child become a reader. Retrieved February 19, 2010, from Ed. gov http//www2. ed. gov/pa rents/academic/help/reader/part4. html