Bean Trees Essay Example for Free

Bean Trees EssayMost authors convey an important message or idea throughout their noevls to give a greater understanding to their readers. In Barbara Kingsolvers novel, The Bean Trees, a strong idea that was developed was the possiublity of impertinent jumps. The Bean Trees is the story of the protagonist Taylor Greer, who starts off on a voyage from her home town of Kentucky to Arizona. Along the way she she is condition an abandoned child which is the start to her learning about motherhood, becoming a women, the power of fri removeships and also learns to be capable. The idea of new beginnings is the ability for characters to start over and leave their past behind them. It was mainly developed through Taylor, tip over, and also a Guatamalan couple Estevan and Esperanza. The original person who helped develop this idea is Taylor. At the beginning of the story Taylor was called Marietta before she decided that she wanted to chip in a clean break because she had never been sick about the names which she had been called previously.I didnt fuddle any special name in mind, but just wanted a change this fitted into the theme of new beginnings because she was capable of leaving behind her old life and things that surrounded her name and had the opportunity to have the chance to create a new destiny for herself. As well as giving herself a nonher chance to start her life and live it the way that she wanted through the changing of her name she also left hand her home town, house, friends, and mother all in search of somewhere new to live her life. She used chance to decide where she was going to stop with the use of her car. wherever it ran out of fuel or something happened to it, she would stop there. With the ambition of leaving her old Kentucky life behind her, she started a journey which led her to Oklahoma. this just happened to be the focalise where she was given an abandoned child. This was another new beginning for Taylor. Can you talk? What am I supposed to do with you tonight? What do you eat? This series of questions that Taylor asked the abandoned child showed that she had absolutely no idea what she was doing and still had to learn the first steps of becoming a mother.It was a new beginning for her to operate on responsibility for someone else. She had to grow, learn and understand in order to take care of the child that she had suddenly gained to take on her journey. She may not have understood what to do or how to do it, or even truly wanted this new beginning, but all in all she was given the chance. Kingsolver suggests through the use of Taylor that often life presents us with unexpected occurances, but if grasped correctly shtup lead to a possible great change, and therefore future. done the use of Taylor as a character Kingsolver helps to show us that around the corner, in every situation, if something as small as a car journey, can lead to amazing opportunities to start afresh in our lives. turtle is another character that helps develop Kingsolvers idea of new beginnings. Turtle is an abandoned 3 class old Indian child, who was abused when she was younger. After her mother died she was left to an unexpected Taylor who was just someone passing through the town, but turned into the receiver of a child who she had no clue what to do with.On later inspection of the child which she named Turtle she noticed that her body was covered in bruises and worse as Taylor said. When Taylor realised that turtle was a girl she said that fact already burdened her short life with a kind of misery that she could not imagine. through this you can picture just how horrible the life this young child must have had. However this was the end of her bad story and the beginning to a new one. Just like Taylor she is given a new name, but also a new mother, new friends, and a new chance.With the opportunity Turtle is now able to grow. Turtle had managed to get through her whole life without a book, I suppose, and then she had two of them bought for her in one day. This quote shows the beginning if Turtles chance of recovery. She was a 3 year old stuck in an 18 month old body. She was a child with a horrible past, but a chance to start over. The development of Turtle made you understand that the majority of people are at some point given the ability to have a new beginning, no matter how terrible their life was before hand.Estevan and Esperanza are a Guatamalan couple who are also given the opportunity to have a new beginning and therefore helped develop the idea of new beginnings. Estevan and Esperanza are people who are illegally living in Tucson. Esperanza and Estevan live in Matties sanctuary that she has set up for people like them. After becoming good friends with Taylor they decide that they need to move on from Tucson and constantly running from the law. With Taylor and Turtle they set off to go to a safe house in Oklahoma.They were considered illegals and needed to be taken out of the country. however there should not be people judged as legal or illegal. There is only a difference between people who are good or bad. Because of this they are taken to a safe house where they are unlikely to be taken away. Instead of focusing on the negative once at the church Estevan says dont speak out of us stuck here forever. Think of us back down in Guatemala with our families. His optimism in their new ability to have a clean break and go back to their home country showed the idea of new beginnings in a different light. Its not always physically being somewhere that gives people their new beginnings.sometimes it is just a chance that makes believing in what was, or what could be, possible again. This is how Estevan and Esperanza helped deleop new beginnings as an idea in the novel. In conclusion, everyone has a chance at a new beginning, whther big or small. Three different sets of characters showed this throughout the novel The Bean Trees. Taylor helped the idea be su rveil present in the story as well as develop in as not only the physical actions that allow the new beginning to happen, but also a domain of mind.Turtle developed the idea so that it showed the readers that just because someones life starts out badly, it doesnt mean their opportunity to have a new beginning wont come along. Estevan and Esperanza developed the idea so that you realised sometimes all that you need is faith to have the chance at a new beginning. In the end new beginnings was an idea that many characters showed their their own stories and therefore developed into their own way of showing the idea and allowing readers to understand it.

Impact Of Variations On Project Performance

Impact Of Variations On Project PerformanceGiven a well-structured schedule of works, the supreme project performance could be achieved if the work progress flows smoothly within the time frame and within the budget. However, it is rare that a project performs according as scheduled due to several reasons such as market conditions changes and Variations on the design drawings or become. Therefore, the occurrence of Variations has negative impact on project performance. doubting Thomas et al (2002144) believe that variability generally impedes project performance. Ibbs (1997308) concluded that Variations have tremendous effect on the project performance as the negatively expunge the productiveness and cost. Arain Pheng (2005285) argued that Variations are unwanted but inevitable reality of any social organisation project. Hanna et al (200257) indicated that projects impacted by Variations causes the contractor to achieve lower productivity level than planned. There are 16 effects identified from the literature review, as shown in Figure 1 is discussed bellow. stay in pay offment Delay in payment occurred denouncely due to Variations in construction projects (CII, 1990a). Variations whitethorn slow down the project progress, leading to delays in achieving the targeted dateline during construction (CII, 1995). Eventually, this whitethorn affect payment to the contractors. These delay may causes severe problems until it end up in delays in payment to the subcontractors this is because the declarers may not be able to pay the Sub-Contractors unless they get paid by the Employer first.Quality degradation If occurrence of Variations is frequent, they may affect the quality of works. According to CII (1995), the quality of work was usually poor because of frequent variations because Contractors tended to compensate for the losses by doing short cut works.Productivity degradation Interruption, delays and redirection of work that are associated with Variations ha ve a negative impact on dig out productivity. These in turn can be translated into labour cost or monetary value (Ibbs, 1997b). Hester et al. (1991) argued that the productivity of workers was expected to be greatly affected in cases where they were required to work overtime for prolonged periods to compensate for schedule delays. Thomas and Napolitan (1995) concluded that Variations normally led to disruptions and these disruptions were responsible for labour productivity degradation. The most material types of disruptions were due to the lack of materials and information as well as the work out of sequence. Lack of material was reported as the most serious disruption, because labours could not continue their works and end up idling while waiting for the materials to be available. Hence, to manage Variations, one needed to manage these disruptions. However, the disruptive effects could not be avoided in many instances.Rework and demolition Rework and demolition are frequent occu rrences due to Variations in construction projects (Clough and Sears, 1994). Variations which are imposed when construction is underway or even completed, usually lead to reworks and delays in project completion (CII, 1990a). Rework and demolition are latent effects of Variations in construction, depending on the timing of the occurrence of the Variations. These effects are to be expected due to Variations during the construction phase. This is because the Variations during the design phase do not require any rework or demolition on construction sites.Logistics delays Logistics delays may occur due to Variations requiring new materials and equipment (Fisk, 1997). Hester et al. (1991) observed that logistics delays were significant effects of Variations in construction projects. Logistics delays were experienced in construction projects where Variations in the construction phase required new materials, tools and equipments.Tarnish firms reputation Variations are referred to as a maj or source of construction claims and disputes (Fisk, 1997 Kumaraswamy et al., 1998). The claims and disputes may affect the firms reputation negatively, due to unable to solve sever Variation cases. Variations also increase the possibility of superior disputes. Conventionally, Variations present problems to all the parties involved in the construction process.Poor sentry go conditions Variations may affect the safety conditions in construction projects(OBrien, 1998) as changes in construction methods, materials and equipment may require, therefore additive safety measures are needed during carrying out the construction phase.Poor professional relations A construction project is not a mere brick and mortar brought together. Rather, it creates professional relationships between parties to the contract. Each project successfully completed constitutes an added experience to participants and their reputation builds up. But disputes may arise between parties to the contract owing the o ccurrence of Variations. be amiss may arise when the Contractor is not satisfied with the judgment of the consultant in terms of a fair valuation of a Variation. Bower (2000264) argued that parties to a contract have been left to argue over the cost, time effects and due compensation of a Variations. Since the Contractors are pessimist of the outcome of the negotiations, they usually allow higher(prenominal) value than the real cost incurred. Bower (2000264) opined that this causes the contention between parties as the Contractor continually push the client to settle the claim for additional be while invariably feeling that the reimbursement has been insufficient. As a consequence, this can be very damaging to relationship between all parties representatives (Bower 2000264). Charoenngam et al (2003197) remarked that disputes between the Employer and the Contractor can occur if the Variations undertaking is not managed carefully. Harbans (200342) warned that unless a mutually acce ptable solution is agreed by the parties, valuation of Variations would remain at the forefront of disputes and claims making their way ultimately to arbitral tribunals or the corridors of justice. Ssegawa (200292) revealed that more than one-third of disputes occurs pertain to how to ascertain losses arising from Variations. The excessive occurrence of Variations due to design errors or negligence may undermine the professionalism of the designer. Furthermore, workers get demoralised when they demolish a portion of work that has already been done.Additional payments for contractor Additional payments for the contractor can be a potential effect of Variations in construction projects. Variations are considered to be a common source of additional works for the Contractor (OBrien, 1998). Due to additional payments, the Contractor looks forward to Variations in the construction project because contractor benefits from the additional profit on Variations.Disputes among professionals Li ke poor professional relations, disputes among professionals are also potential effects of frequent variations in construction projects. The disputes over Variations and claims are inevitable and the Variation clauses are often the source of project disputes (CII, 1986a). Clear procedures presented in the contract and fair allocation of risks can help in resolving disputes through negotiation rather than litigation (CII, 1986a). Frequent communication and strong coordination can care in eliminating the disputes between professionals.Completion schedule delay Various authors agree that Variations could be one of the reasons behind project time overruns or delays (Chan Yeong 1995467, Mohamed 20011). It is said that a project that finished within the shortest time could, achieves some monetary savings. Unfortunately, each additional day due to occurrence of Variations on a project implies additional money. Variations issued during any various phases of construction gives negative aff ected to both projects completion time and cost increase (Koushki 2005292). Hanna et al (200263) revealed that the more the Variations occurrence the more significant productivity losses. The productivity is the amount of output over a unit of time.

scope of feminist method in social science research

scope of womens liberationist method in accessible science enquiryThis paper examines the differentive contribution of a womens liberationist methodology in amicable science interrogation. The Introduction outlines both the historical and future perspectives. The paper is then divided into two transparent parts (1) libber Research What this means in terms of sociable science seek, the methods exampled together with the challenges and choices mingled. Concluding with the epistemological issues raised by doing feminist research (2) considers the several(predicate) perspectives and critique of conventional research. This illustrated by appropriate case study grammatical cases. Most researchers in sociology tend to agree that there is no single distinct feminist methodology. There is much a collective consciousness that was born from feminist movements in the 1960s and 1970s where a group of women talked openly, developing a direction of inquiry that challenged the conven tional norms of research. These women collectively became known as feminists and enlightened individuals that formed a untested basis for begin. Although the original works were conducted outside of an academic setting, it soon became apparent that there was a lack of feminine representation in mainstream sociology or affectionate science. (Devault 1996). Over the last 25 years young-bearing(prenominal) sociologists live with made significant advances in pushing back the prejudices against women and in ecumenic interpreting the workings of hostelry. Feminism was essentially born from a movement and a belief in resolving gender inequalities.Within the general claims to male dominance in social theory, three challenges pitch emerged (i) the criticism against that of female knowledge and its inability to demonstrate adequate work that illustrates scientific or unbiased knowledge. This resulted in feminists coming under scrutiny in order to demonstrate abilities to vindicate knowledge, perform verification, subjectivity and freedom from political bias. Secondly, how different influences shaped womens lives. Examples cited included that of cultural divisions, social divisions and power relations (Caroline Ramazanolu 2004). The danger here is star of stereotyping and simply branding women as one gender that provides a uniform result. The third challenge intertwines that of knowledge and gender whereby in essence women are taken for granted.In 1987 Sandra Harding (Harding 1987) provided insight into the difference in the midst of that of Method, Methodology and Epistemology. She equated Epistemology to that of a theory of knowledge with the objective of answering particularised questions. Further, that there are two distinct epistemologies namely that of a Feminist empiricism and a Feminist Standpoint. The empirical part is that where a response is provided to bias and traditional responses (Harding 1987). Whereas, standpoint refers to a specific femi nist opinion founded upon an explanation of knowledge. In order to understand and neck a feminist standpoint the reader needs to become more involved with the intellectual and political struggles that a womens experience is built upon Sandra Hardings views on Standpoint Epistemology focused more on the concepts of objectivity. Harding advocated a new concept of strong objectivity, as op typesetd to that of the weak concept which she referred to as objectivism. She stated that objectivity mustiness contain all social values and interests from the research that is carried out. She was aware that certain social values could adversely impact the research and cause potential distortions. As such Harding viewed traditional research concepts and objectivity as the denial of cultures best beliefs (knowledge), whereas the new version fully embraces both political and historical origins.Harding conceptualized that her new theory holds validity, particularly from the feminist standpoint i. e. women are part of an oppressed group and as such they near research problems in a less arbitrary way. They are more the likes ofly to evaluate theories that might otherwisewise be lose or denied by more traditional concepts or viewpoints. Harding states that that the standpoint has a substantial foundation in the empirical experiences of women and although this may non constitute a foundation of knowledge, nevertheless it does create a more diverse contribution leading towards increased objectivity. (Stanley 1990).Historically the most common expression of female natural process has been associated with that of liberation and the liberty of women. This has ranged from the concept of radical insistence, to clarifying the purpose of research and ultimately to transformation in terms of political action. It was Maria Mies that proposed feminist research should be consistent with the general political goals and aspirations of women. Hence, there needs to be a full integration o f social and political action appropriate to the emancipation of women. (Mary Margaret Fonow, Beyond methodology feminist scholarship as lived research 1991).FEMINIST RESEARCHFeminist research can essentially be defined as research conducted by what has become known as feminists, essentially drawing upon experiences of women in what is perceived as a male dominated world. The objective of research is based the creation of useful knowledge in order to possess added contributions by different perspectives of horizon. Feminism is based upon a praxis of women sharing the resembling agenda with men and overcoming the struggle relative to gender, race and class. The foundation of this was really built in the 1980s. Feminist research has since become more focused on how the lives of women have become materially altered by men and the development of strategies in order to resist this process (Mary Maynard 2005).Feminist research in general terms has had a lack of agreement to what precis ely defines feminist theory and practice. As such there is not really a single unifying theory. It was Patricia Maguire (Breyton 1997) that offered the premise that feminism is (i) An understanding and belief that women face some form of oppression (ii) A commitment to understand female oppression and exploitation in all of its forms (iii) A commitment towards elimination of all forms of female oppression. (Breyton 1997).FEMINIST METHODS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH Feminist methods may have quadruple main objectives (i) the ability to uncover and overcome types of bias in research (ii) The ability to detect and create social replace (iii) a concept or method to illustrate human diversity (iv) An acknowledgement of the credentials and position of the researcher. In order to create social change any method must include and respect the participants as change agents. The method needs to acknowledge diversity and that not all women see the social world in the really(prenominal) way e .g. the method approach to interviews and inquiry that explore the experiences of different religions. (Sprague 2005)i.e. evidence has been presented to support theory presented.Feminist studies use both qualitative and quantitative research techniques, although qualitative research is more readily used. The term methodology relates to more of a process of how to conduct research i.e. what you need to select, empirical study of what to observe, what to criterion and how to conduct analysis. The method id more related to the precise technique of carrying out the study. (Sprague 2005) A common assumption has been that methodology and epistemology are identical. This has created a relatively constringe technical approach towards carrying out and conducting research. The concept of methodology essentially opens the way for conducting choice i.e. the implications of what we should do and how we might do it. It facilitates questions on data collection and assimilation. As such methodolo gy paves the way for critical reflection and creativity within the social sciences.THE CHALLENGES AND CHOICES Feminist researchers have taken very different approaches to the adoption of methodology. As such they have adopted differing means to the acquisition and validation of knowledge. This has tended to lean towards a more scientific and evidential base of presenting knowledge. This has avoided the more serious challenges of refuting feminist research and rejecting it on the basis that it contains no scientific method. The example being the study into child abuse, as such it never becomes a clear shave case but contains many complex shades of grey and is nearly always disputable. In many situations feminist researchers are particularly vulnerable in this regard. (Caroline Ramazanolu 2004).In current terms it is important to recognise that a large number of women are employed in science, engineering and academic positions. As such they offer a diverse range of opinions on a wide range of subject matter. The female positions tend to have two distinct types of focus (i) that engaged with the sciences and (ii) that focused upon society. Researchers have emerged from former marginalised groups and as such have had a profound way of changing the pattern of inquiry and thought process. There are still those however that holds the opinion that feminism is a threat to the objectivity of science. Sandra Harding pointed out that if all knowledge is socially constructed it will pose a major threat and challenge to science. For example with most scientists the notion that their views of the natural world are subjective is counter to their professional training. (Wyer 2008) It is important to name that the feminist researchers have made a significant impact over the last thirty years. This has included a significant contribution to methodologies in the social sciences particularly responding to the challenge of how women have been silenced in both society and research . The feminists have obtained significant success in bringing about social change and creating a degree of equity in both professional and personal lives. Whilst much of the success has been in the first world countries, there still form a significant challenge for women in the third world and those emerging economies. In particular the native women of Africa, the women in the Islamic communities and others in the emerging countries like India and China.LEADING CONTRIBUTIONS Early contributions in the 1970s were made by feminist sociologists that include the likes of Marcia Millman and Rosebeth Moss Kanter.1They made a number of suppositions in sociology that focused on issues or problems with existing use of sociological methods. In essence they objected to how assumptions to sociological theories manifested themselves. They challenged the empirical views of male sociologists and demonstrated a new vision as seen purely from the female perspective. (Harding 1987).The researcher an d author Carol Gilligan2In a different express Psychological Theory and Womens Development agreed the point that conventional theorists are wrong to dismiss the comprehension of women on grounds of lower maturity. Gilligan asked that we listen to women in their different views and not try to compartmentalize them but credit women for the significant contributions over many disciplines in the sciences and the arts. (Harding 1987).Evelyn Fox Keller3had completed a great deal of ground breaking work that exposed sexual bias in the sciences. She predicted that women needed to be diligent in rejecting concepts of objectivity and rationality as they would not be regarded as the icons for creating a new frontier but were more likely to be lost and marginalized outside of the political mainstream. Fox herself later found herself in the dilemma of having to choose between feminism and science. Fox stated that the more we questioned methodology the greater it generated papers on epistemol ogy and as such methodology became an end-in-itself. (Winnie Tomm 1989).Maria Mies4(McDonald 2004)concluded that the quantitative survey method is itself not free from androcentric bias, further there is a contradiction between the prevalent theories of social science, methodology and the political aims of women (McDonald 2004). Meis argued that if we revert to these old traditional concepts they will again be turned into instruments of repression new wine should not be poured into old bottles (McDonald 2004)One of the most influential people in the field of standpoint epistemology was that of Dorothy E Smith. Smith is famous throughout the world as a developer of theories and as such she has advanced the academic position from a feminist standpoint. Smith developed theories and concepts around the subject matter of gender and particularly that of the ruling texts of man. She advocated that many texts were compiled from the male perspective and as such were responsible for definin g gender. She further advocated that such rules written by men determined the rules of society and defined the way in which we live and conduct our lives. Amongst the books that Smith referenced were the US Constitution, The Holy Bible and the Communist Manifesto. Smith stated that the rulings defined in many of these books were completely opposite to the manner in which women conducted their lives today. Such obsolescence creates the way for transformation of thinking and revision in these areas. Ryan B Johnson (Johnson, Standpoint Epistemology Summary 2010). epistemological ISSUES OF FEMINIST RESEARCHEpistemology of feminist research broadly refers to the value of knowledge or the scientific method applied in order to conduct the research. An example being that of empirical or qualitative research. One of the important issues relates to the variation between quantitative and qualitative techniques in feminist research. The historical association that exists between the two resear ch methods have been documented however the logical associations remain debateable. As such feminist methodology cannot be firmly anchored to either camping site of quantitative or qualitative style of research.Gilligan5pointed out that qualitative research represents the voice that is most consistent with female research values. Equally the researchers often use the perspective of a different voice, this being done in order to provide the distinction between that of a male opinionated voice. The female voice seeking to be far more evident in defining in the definition of connection and relationships. Mies stated that because women have been well versed in repression they have greater objectivity than men in this subject area. This is evident when they are involved in researching exploited groups. In essence women have more empathy and are able to better understand the important issues in a different light or perspective. (Janet Holland 2010).There is also the concept of stereotypi ng all women as feminists. Many female researchers have been primarily trained in traditional qualitative methodologies and despite the fact that they may have alternate or other views are most likely to revert to the traditional methods of carrying out research. Psychologist Laurie Rudman has completed research that has changed the views on negative stereotyping of women. Rudmans research found that negative stereoptypes of women are very widespread and even include educated young women. Her research further substantiated that strong independent women have satisfying romantic lives and their men are adroit too as opposed to the widely held convention that feminists are man hating harpies (Branson 2007)SUMMARY PERSPECTIVESFemale researchers have made a number of distinctive contributions to feminist methodologies in social science research. It remains questionable however as to whether a distinct feminist methodology exists, rather it is an approach to which female researchers hav e enlivened the debate by bringing fresh perspectives and valuable new insight, thereby challenging traditional methods. There have been some outstanding contributions to social science research from leading female researchers Goelting and Fernstermaker,61995 Orlans and Wallace, 1994 and Thorpe and Laslett, 1997 are to name but a few. (DeVault 1999)Many sociologists agree that the original feminist movement had a subject matter objective of changing the method of consciousness that was historically rooted in concepts of empirical research. Women became more aware of an alternate base for knowledge and the concept of introducing the womens experience into the methodology deployed. The early movement thereby highlighted the omission of this perspective. In addition, the group highlighted the racism that was faced by African/Americans in the USA and how white women had an benefit in obtaining academic research jobs. From these early beginnings female researchers have learnt to respo nd to the issues in social sciences and improve the overall field of inquiry.The female approach has been compared to that of excavators (DeVault 1999)where female researchers have been used to identify gaps or missing components in research or that which has been ignored. The unique voice of women often lends itself to a more empathetic approach to those delicate research areas i.e. child abuse, drug or substance abuse, juvenile crime etc. This often results in a more holistic and complete enquiry than would otherwise have been obtained from the traditional male dominated approach. (DeVault 1999).The emancipation of women in social science would provide women with an increased knowledge of their own social circumstances within society. Any feminist methodology therefore needs to be grounded in objectivity in social science. The feminist movement, in achieving wide values, must not itself become an instrument of repression against the male community. As such the concept goes beyond methodology to more of a process of transformational change and make research more inclusive and objective. Feminist research is therefore aimed at the liberation of women. In achieving these objectives they increase the base of knowledge and add value to the overall method approach in social research and inquiry. (Mary Margaret Fonow, 1991). All the decent people, male and female, are feminists. The only people who are not feminists are those who believe that women are inherently inferior or undeserving of the respect and opportunity afforded men. Either you are a feminist or you are a discriminatory/misogynist. There is no box marked other.- Ani DiFranco. (M. P. Johnson 2005).3406

Effectiveness of E-Marketing

Effectiveness of E-MarketingVirtual Era- New Features In Marketing CapSynopsisAim The purpose of this study is to tumble the current practices going on in the Indian food foodstuff in shapes of utilise the virtual foodstuff and virtual merchandise as creature to enhance freighter earn withdraw and for a bankrupt penetration. It would similarly throw light on various sight strategies cease be synchronised with weather vane market for better and optimum results.Objective The study would preponderantly give an idea about the effectiveness of E-Marketing in contemporary scenario wherein nigh of the companies ar development it as the just about effective ray of light to ensure that their harvest or services be being reached to masses, beca carve up of the pervasive personality of web market its other feather in the cap of market.This thesis depicts how a small sized Business-To-Business compevery can create an e- market envision. For this purpose, this the sis would incorporate most of the industries that argon into the employment of serving customers with their reaping services. The thesis first carries out a literature study to explain the concepts and methods related with the e- selling activities. Further untold, the case companionship is introduced. Since an e-merchandising plan is convertible to a market plan, the mathematical harvest-times, quarry markets and competitors argon similarly introduced among others.During the case study, the advices and the strategies be proposed. Since the thesis has a hands-on implementation feature, round of the strategies ar implemented by sticking to the action plans in an iterative behavior. Doing so, thesis depicts evaluation for the recommended strategies. Finally, conclusions and areas for future work are presented along with the Lessons Learned during the project.MethodologyThe method expenditured for decision the relevant information for the re seek is mentioned below1) S econdary Re re appeara. network Assistanceb. Books, Articles working papersc. Magazines Journals2) Primary seekPrimary research would predominantly look on depth psychology set off of consumer behavior to track their behavior of web market.a. General Observation on seminal fluid inI. Closer observation on shoppers BehaviorII. Functionality of sedulousnessIII. continue of E-Marketingb. QuestionnaireI. Sample size would be degree centigradeII. Multi-dimensional SamplingIII. Factor Analysisc. Focus Group InterviewI. General intelligence with customersd. InterviewI. Extensive Meetings with Industry people.Based on this I lead conclude that whether consumers are being affected by the ways of web market of industries or non or what should be the modus operandi of companies to allure their tar redeem audience.Virtual marketForty nine of the Worlds leading food, beverages, and consumer products companies deport joined hands to form the largest bank line to art e-Market pla ce Transora.com. The impertinently company is the first of its kind owned by the consumer products industry. Transora impart help consumer products companies across the world to streamline commerce minutes with their buyers, providers and distri scarceors through the network. Transoras services will span the consummate supply chain-from suppliers to manufactures to retailers-and provide procurement, vendor, and product catalogues, online order management, supply chain collaboration, and financial services. The companies have committed nigh us $ 250 million for financial backing Transora (CBI News Bulletin, July/august 2000)The buzz articulate viral merchandise and coral rearising and virtual merchandise refers to market techniques that use pre-existing social networks upgrade increase in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self replicating viral processes, analogues to the spread of ghoulish and computer viruses. It can be word of oral fissure delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the cyberspace. Viral promotions whitethorn take the form of video clips, interactional flash halts, Adver games, EBooks, brand able package, images, or even text messages.The goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to identify individuals with mettle close to social networking potential and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high prob efficiency of being taken by another competitor.The term viral marketing or virtual marketing has been excessively use pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns- the unscrupulous use of astroturfing on line combined with under market advertising in shopping centers to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm. meshing marketingInternet marketing also referred to as marketing, web marketing, online marketing or eMarketing is the marketing of products o r services over the network.The meshwork has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of internet marketing in terms of providing instant response and eliciting responses is a unique quality of the middling. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader kitchen range because it only refers to the internet, email, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer entropy and electronic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system.Internet marketing ties together notional and technical aspects of the internet, including send off, development, advertising, and sales.Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along with different stages of the Customer Engagement Cycle through search engine Marketing(SEM), Search engine Optimization(SEO), banner ads on specific websites, email marketing, and web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 the New York Times, working with co score, published an initial fancy to quantify the user data collected by large internet based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors beat up the potential for collecting data upward of 2500 times on average per user per month.eMarketingEMarketing is a subset of e business that utilize electronic medium to fulfill marketing activities and achieve want marketing objectives for an validation. Internet marketing, interactive marketing, and active marketing for ideal, are all the form of e marketing.eBusinessEBusiness means utilizing electronic medium in everyday business activities. thither are several trains of involvement in when it comes to EBusiness. For example where one organization relies completely on e business the second one way conveys a combineed presence and means of doing business.DifferenceDifference between eBusiness, eCommerce, and eMarketing eBusiness is a very broad entity dealing with the entire c omplex system that comprises a business that uses electronic medium to perform or assist its overall or specialized business activities. eCommerce is best expound in a transactional context. So for example an electronic transition of funds, information, or entertainment falls under the category handled by principles of eCommerce. Technically e byplay is a single out of e business eMarketing is also a part of e business that involves electronic medium to achieve marketing objectives. E marketing is set on a strategic level in addition to traditional marketing and business strategy.Difference between e marketing and interactive marketingeMarketing is a broader term that describes any marketing activity performed via electronic medium. Interactive marketing is by and large a sub of eMarketing that involves a certain level of interaction.Difference between eMarkeitng and internet or web MarketingThere is no real difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing. However, with the comer of mobile technologies such as PDAs and 3G mobile phones, as well as interactive television, some(prenominal) terms would see eMarketing and internet or web marketing as subtly different, for example chaffyInternet or web marketing is achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology.Whilst this distinction is in all acceptable, it is difficult to see where the distinction lies between digital technologies and electronic communications technologies, especially with the convergence of technologies such as mobile devices.Advantages of eMarketingFollowing are some of the advantages of e marketing Reduction in cost through automation and use of electronic media. Faster response to both marketers and the end user. Increased ability to measure and collect data. Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalization. Increased interactivity.Disadva ntages of eMarketingFollowing are some disadvantages of eMarketing need of personal approach , Defensibility on technology, Security, privacy issues, Maintenance be due to a constantly evolving environment, Higher transparency of set and increased worth promotion, oecumenical competition through globalization.eMarketing designingeMarketing plan is a strategic document developed through psychoanalysis and research and is aimed at achieving marketing objectives via electronic media. eMarketing plan represents a sub set of organizations overall marketing plans supports the general business strategy. Every good eMarketing plan mustiness be developed in line with the organizations overall marketing plan.In a broad sense e marketers generally start by analyzing the current micro- and macro economic situation of the organization. eMarketers must observe both indispensable and outer factors when developing an e marketing plan as trends in both micro environment elements are set, suppliers, customers. Examples or macro environment are socio economic, political, demographics and legal factors. In order to reduce a viable e marketing solution, e marketers must first realize the current situation of the company and its environment, profile, segment the target market and wherefore strategically position the products as to achieve optimal response with the target market. This is generally achieved through ram analysis. By assessing organizations strengths and weaknesses and looking at current opportunities and banes one can devise an e marketing strategy that can improve the organizations bottom line.eMarketing(in brief)eMarketing is essentially a part of marketing. But What is the difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing? What are the eMarketing tools? And how do marketers plan for eMarketing?The American marketing association definition 2004 is as followsMarketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communic ating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer kinships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeh obsolescenters. at that placefrom e marketing by its very nature is one aspect of an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. As such an aspect, eMarketing has its own approaches and tools that contribute to the achievement of marketing goals and objectives.This also helps us to differentiate between eMarkeitng and eCommerce, since eCommerce is scarce purchasing and selling onlineWhat are the eMarketing tools?The internet has a number of tools to offer to the marketer. A company can distribute via the internet e.g. amazon.com, A company can use the internet as a way of make and maintaining a customer relationship e.g. Dell.com, The notes collection part of a transaction could be make o nline e.g. electricity and telephone bills, Leads can be generated by attracting potential customers to sign up for short periods of time, before signing up for the long-term e.g. which.co.uk, The internet could be used for advertising e.g. Google Adwords,Finally, the web can be used as a way of collecting direct responses e.g. as part of a voting system for a game show.How do marketers plan for eMarketing?There are two ways to looking it An existing organization may embark upon some eMarkeitng as part of their marketing plan. An organization trades simply on the internet and so their marketing plan concenteres purely on eMarketing.The marketing plan in either case is the near step, whether focused upon eMarketing or all, marketing. The next lessons focus upon a tailor-made eMarketing plan which conforms to the Acronym AOSTC from our generic marketing prep session posture analysis for VIRTUAL marketingThe situation analysis for eMarketing bridges the inner visit and competitor research. It answers the perplexity where are we now in terms of our marketing (internal v/s external perspective)? The analysis literally considers your eMarkeitng situation by considering the fit between internal and external factors. There are similarities with traditional concepts and techniques, but you need to focus upon digital commerce. Here we consider the 5ss of internet marketing, the customer disembodied spirit wheel, and the application of gussy up analysis.The Customer Life Cycle (CLC)The customer life cycle is a tool that creation and delivery of lifetime value to customers i.e. CLC looks at products and services that customers need throughout their lives. It is market oriented rather than product oriented. Key stages of the customer relationship are considered. plodding analysis-ranked and weighted deck out analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stand s for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. its flexibility. Since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. To overcome these issues, one should employ a power SWOT.SWOT analysis-Power SWOTSWOT analysis is a marketing audit that considers an organizations strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Our introductory lesson gives you the basics of how to compete your SWOT as you begin to gather up about marketing tools. As you learn more than than about SWOT analysis, you will become aware of a number of potential limitations with this popular tool. This lesson aims to help you overcome potential pitfalls.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. flexibility since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. However this can lead to a number of anomalies. Problems with basis SWOT analysis can be addressed using a more unfavorable power SWOT. Power is an acronym for personal experience, order, weighting, emphasizing pointedness, and rank priorities. This is how it works.How do you the marketing manager fit in relation with the SWOT analysis? You bring your experiences, skills, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to the audit. Your light or simple gut giveling will impact the SWOT.Often marketing managers will in adversely sour opportunities and strengths, and threats and weaknesses. This is because the line between internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats is sometimes difficult to spot. For example, in relation to global thawing and climate change, one could mistake environmentalism as a threat rather than a potential hazard.Too often elements of a SWOT analysis are not weighted. Naturally some blames will be more controversial than others, so weight the factors. One way would be t o use percentages e.g. threat a=10%, threat b=70%, and threat =20 % they total 100%Detail, reasoning, and justification are often omitted from the SWOT analysis. Where one tends to pick up is that the analysis contains lists of single words. For example, under opportunities one might find the term technology. This stage word does not tell a reader very much. What is really meant is Technology enables marketers to communicate via mobile devices close to the point of purchase. This provides the hazard of a distinct agonistical advantage for our company. This will greatly assist you when deciding upon best to score and weight each element.Once detail has been added, and factors have been revived for weighting, you can whence progress to give the SWOT analysis some strategic meaning i.e. you can begin to select those factors that will most greatly influence your marketing strategy albeit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens. Essentially you rank them highest t o lowest, and wherefore prioritize those with the highest rank e.g. where probability c= 60% opportunity a= 25% and opportunity b = 10% you marketing plan would address opportunity c first, and opportunity b last. It is important to address opportunities in the first place since your business should be market oriented. Then match strengths to opportunities and look for a fit. Address any gaps between current strengths and future opportunities. Finally attempt to retell threats as opportunities (as with global warming and climate change above), and address weaknesses so that they become strengths, Gap analysis would be bridge the gap between them. adversary research for Virtual marketing (External perspective)As you plan for eMarketing and during the plans implementation, one needs to play careful attention to the activities of competitors, so competitors research for eMarketing is essential when attempting to answer the question where are we now (external perspective). There are a number of approaches that can be employed, with the emphasis on each approach rouseing depending upon the nature of our e business and market. Here are some key tools of competitor research for eMarketing. Use search engines. General sackics such as Google, yahoo And msn Type label of competitors Type industry, product or term Search down in to a directory structure e.g. yahoo Search a competitors web site carrefour information , press released, job opportunities Pricing information Distribution information such as where to buy. Hunt for trade associations Search for personal pages or blogs different perspective e.g. fans, ex-employees. e.g.v www. blogger. com ,v www. myspace. com,v www. youtube. Com. Ask your target market. Send question to named personnel, raw(a)sgroups, personal pages, mailing lists. Conduct a survey using. Buy tributary reports e.g. data monitors, mintel. Newsgroups and post queries, novelsgroups on bulletin boards or forums Deja. com(Google) Read onl ine financial information research public companies iii.co.uk ample up ft.com up Read online agonistic information. e.g. hoovers.com paid for, inus Study demographic reports statistics.gov.uk/ census in up census.gov inus Original source textile Business source elite, in the altogetherspapers, Kellys compass. superintend special interest material Business source elite, unusedspaper, Kellys, compass. Monitor special interest material. E.g. marketing week (BSE), campaign (BSE), marketing (BSE). Use a professional researcherEMarketing MixThe eMarketing mix is essentially the same as the marketing mix. it is simply the adaption of price, place product, and promotion to the eMarketing context. Of course one could also include physical evidence, people, and process when marketing planning for an online service. Below are a series of lessons that consider how markets can apply the eMarketing mix to their organizations own product, service, brand, or solution.E marketing priceThe eMark eting mix is simply an adaptation of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However, the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.E Marketing Place Place manoeuvre as part of the eMarketing mix.)The e marketing space consists of new internet companies that have emerged as the internet has developed, as well as those pre-existing companies that new employ eMarketing approaches as part of their overall marketing plan. For some companies the internet is an additional channel that enhances or replaces their traditional channel of place. Pre Existing companies that have follow eMarketing These are traditional companies that trade on the internet,Banking and financial services e.g. HSBC bank. Banks and financial services have benefited tremendously from the popularity of internet usage. There is a mixture of new online banks and traditional banks, both fling online banking services. Essentially banks no longer need to invest in high cost, high stre et selling unit i.e. old fashioned town-based banks. Labor costs have also been reduced since much of the traditional banking bureaucracy is done using it and the use of overseas call centers has meant that salaries are much lower. Software also means that customers can be retained by using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) eMarketing approaches.E marketing productConsidered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision-making have been introduced- Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. Both of these tools and equally applicable to the context of e marketing and can be easily applied to include e marketing and product.For example a product marketed solely online will go through a life cycle in the same unpredictable way as a product marketed through any traditional channel (PLC). Products marketed online will have a core benefit tot eh customer, be an actual tangible product, with augmentation that ads value such as insuranc e, warranties and so on three levels of a product). Although tools actually specify the term product, they can be easily adapted to include brands. Services or solutions.E marketing product/business matrix (depicted below should be used in conjunction with Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. It represents additional tools for audit that bridges existing businesses and new online start-us, and existing products and new products. It allows marketers to categories those marketing on the internet as an online extender, an online alternative, an online innovator (existing business), and Oran online innovator (online start-up). Let us look at it in more detailA- Online extenderAn on line extender is an existing business that has a strategy whereby it extends its marketing activities to the internet. It could be any traditional, terrestrial organization that has historically grown through using traditional channels of distribution to get existing products, brands, services, or solutions to market.B- Online alternativesThe online alternative is a new start-up that uses the internet as an maestro channel of distribution to get products, brands, services or solutions, currently available elsewhere, to, arekt. Some segments may be better targeted with this online alternative for example remote or fragmented markets.C and d- Online innovatorsOnline innovators come in two formsC- Online innovators are existing businesses that see a benefit to launching new and forward-looking products, brands, services or solutions online by leveraging new technology. Existing businesses have a wealth of knowledges and learning that underpin their moves onto the web. Remember, the internet is not a business paradigm shift (at last not yet) and so current business approaches are often adapted for the internet. Existing businesses have experience.D- Online innovators are start-ups that seize the opportunities to launch new and innovative products, brands, services, or solutions online. Deposit not having as much knowledge and learning as some of their competitors, they are flexible and can move much more quickly. Start-ups often experience.We have already considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision- making have been introduced product life cycle and the three level of a product. E marketing promotion It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at the internal optimization of the website itself. It considers galore(postnominal) important ways of building your traffic, including Search Engine Optimization (SEO) approaches. It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Lesson internet marketing and promotion internet advertising. This lesson looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Pay per click advertising Google ad words.Googl e ad words are a Cost per Click (CPC) online advertising program. Identically that means that you decide upon key word that relates closely to your product or service.Using Googles tools, you price how much it would cost your per click for your chosen keyword- this could be lucent, $1.50 or more, depending on the popularity of the keyword. So the keyword marketing would be more expensive than the keyword marketing cheese china because of its level of popularity. You then allocate a budget, and pay Google by credit card. You can control the length of your campaign, or end it as soon as the money in PPC management (Pay per Click Management) or recruit a verified Google awards professional.Adverts appear aboard Google search results- so go to Google and search for marketing. The ads appearing alongside the main search results are cps. Ads also appear on selected content websites-such as www. alacrityhesteuk.com-look at the adverts along the top, and down the proper hand column- this is where ads based upon the keyword chic ester would appear. You only pay for adverts that get clicked- not for page views- so you pay nothing if your advert is simply viewed.There is also an opportunity for Smart price whereby you pay more for the advert if a sale is guaranteed e.g. you have a website based upon search- you write a review of a new type of fishing rod, the visitor then sees an ad for the same rod in an ad words text ad running on the same page then clicks on it and buys from the advertiser.Adwords is a very targeted and controllable way of online advertising hence the huge rises in income and profit for Google over new-fashioned times. EMarketing Price (Pricing tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.)The eMarketing mix is simply an adaption of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.International pricing and competition give consumers access to the lowest price for any gene ric good. For example, British consumers benefit when buying products from the United States since there is almost two dollar mark to the pound. Conversely this makes British goods more expensive to the American consumer. So it is cheap to buy spectacles from a us website and then to import them into the UK (even including transport costs and import taxes)Online auctions are a popular and innovative way of pricing, for example ebay. Here you register with the online auction company as a seller and/or a buyer. You can place an item into auction where buyers cutter against each other. The highest bidder wins. The auction websites takes a commission. The commission is factored into the price you pay.greater access to pricing information, more quickly and in a format that makes pricing comparable and transparent. There are a number of sites that will equalize and contrast prices for the same or similar goods and services e.g. prices on car insurance.Pricing could also include the cost of an online advertising medium such as Google ad words. Here an online supplier would buy a keyword located in a text or image based advert onto Googles own search engine or onto a website belonging to a Google publisher. For example you search term hair straightness on Google and you are directed to a site about hair dressing. On this site is plenty of information about hair straightening, placed next to some contextual adverts. You click on the advert and you are taken to a site selling hair dressing supplies. You buy the hair straightness and your supplier pay a small Pay-Per-Click fee which is split between Google and their publisher. This is factored into the price you pay.Traditional pricing tactics used in eMarketingOf course the internet marketers still has a whole selection of the more traditional pricing approaches to choose from that can be adapted to eMarketing scenariosPremium pricing e.g. selling music via iTunes. Penetration pricing e.g. giving away barren subscrip tion to land grab market share for new start ups such as youtube.com and myspace.com. Economy pricing e.g. selling basic products and services online likes basic design or paperclips. Price shaving e.g. new product launches online such as albums or games. Psychological pricing e.g. products and services sold at 99p or $99.99 (price point perspective). Product line pricing e.g. subscription 1 fire, subscription 2 $10.00(with added value) and subscription 3 $49.99 for 10 year. Pricing variations e.g. budget airlines selling tickets online where the first tickets bought are the cheapest, and the last ones bought tend to be more expensive. Optional product pricing e.g. selling a holiday online with travel insurance. Captive product pricing e.g. once you buy virus software from one brand, your updates must also come from them. Product bundle pricing e.g. buying internet access which comes with free online phone calls. Promotional pricing e.g. sportsmanlike incentives, such as free dollars to gambles online for current customers that gamble on football games to tempt them to play online pocker, or vouchers with codes sent by email as rewards e.g. Amazon.com. geographic Pricing e.g. Microsoft pricing in different currencies in different international markets.Search marketing Overture and yahooOverture is the yahoo equivalent of Googles ad words. Now known as yahoo Search marketing, overture has a series of sub-products that make up its internet marketing program. Here some examples1) Sponsored search Displays your advert at the top of the search engine results. So your potential customers search for a keyword and your advert appears at the top of the results page. Again, as this ad words, the advertisers bid against each other to perplex the position that will generate the most convertible traffic to their site. Popular keywords will cost more-obviously.2) Local advertising Gets your business listed in yahoos business directory. So if you wish to promote produ cts in specific regions next to specific search keywords, this is a much targeted geographical services.Overture hEffectiveness of E-MarketingEffectiveness of E-MarketingVirtual Era- New Features In Marketing CapSynopsisAim The purpose of this study is to analyze the current practices going on in the Indian market in terms of using the virtual market and virtual marketing as tool to enhance bottom top line and for a better penetration. It would also throw light on various marketing strategies can be synchronized with web marketing for better and optimum results.Objective The study would predominantly give an idea about the effectiveness of E-Marketing in contemporary scenario wherein most of the companies are using it as the most effective tool to ensure that their product or services are being reached to masses, because of the pervasive nature of web market its another feather in the cap of market.This thesis depicts how a small sized Business-To-Business company can create an e-m arketing plan. For this purpose, this thesis would incorporate most of the industries that are into the business of serving customers with their product services. The thesis first carries out a literature study to explain the concepts and methods related with the e-marketing activities. Furthermore, the case company is introduced. Since an e-marketing plan is similar to a marketing plan, the products, target markets and competitors are also introduced among others.During the case study, the advices and the strategies are proposed. Since the thesis has a hands-on implementation feature, some of the strategies are implemented by sticking to the action plans in an iterative way. Doing so, thesis depicts evaluation for the recommended strategies. Finally, conclusions and areas for future work are presented along with the Lessons Learned during the project.MethodologyThe method used for finding the relevant information for the research is mentioned below1) Secondary Researcha. Internet Assistanceb. Books, Articles working papersc. Magazines Journals2) Primary researchPrimary research would predominantly look on analysis part of consumer behavior to track their behavior of web marketing.a. General Observation on siteI. Closer observation on shoppers BehaviorII. Functionality of IndustryIII. Impact of E-Marketingb. QuestionnaireI. Sample size would be 100II. Multi-dimensional SamplingIII. Factor Analysisc. Focus Group InterviewI. General Discussion with customersd. InterviewI. Extensive Meetings with Industry people.Based on this I will conclude that whether consumers are being affected by the ways of web marketing of industries or not or what should be the modus operandi of companies to allure their target audience.Virtual marketForty nine of the Worlds leading food, beverages, and consumer products companies have joined hands to form the largest business to business e-Market place Transora.com. The new company is the first of its kind owned by the consumer produ cts industry. Transora will help consumer products companies across the world to streamline business transactions with their buyers, suppliers and distributors through the internet. Transoras services will span the entire supply chain-from suppliers to manufactures to retailers-and provide procurement, vendor, and product catalogues, online order management, supply chain collaboration, and financial services. The companies have committed nearly us $ 250 million for funding Transora (CBI News Bulletin, July/august 2000)The buzz word viral marketing and coral advertising and virtual marketing refers to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks produce increase in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self replicating viral processes, analogues to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It can be word of mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the internet. Viral promotions may take the form of v ideo clips, interactive flash games, Adver games, EBooks, brand able software, images, or even text messages.The goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to identify individuals with high social networking potential and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high probability of being taken by another competitor.The term viral marketing or virtual marketing has been also used pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns- the unscrupulous use of astroturfing on line combined with under market advertising in shopping centers to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm. Internet marketingInternet marketing also referred to as marketing, web marketing, online marketing or eMarketing is the marketing of products or services over the internet.The internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of internet marketing in terms of providing instant response and el iciting responses is a unique quality of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it only refers to the internet, email, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer data and electronic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system.Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the internet, including design, development, advertising, and sales.Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along with different stages of the Customer Engagement Cycle through search engine Marketing(SEM), Search Engine Optimization(SEO), banner ads on specific websites, email marketing, and web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 the New York Times, working with co score, published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large internet based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2500 times on average per user per month.eMarketingEMarketing is a subset of e business that utilize electronic medium to perform marketing activities and achieve desired marketing objectives for an organization. Internet marketing, interactive marketing, and mobile marketing for example, are all the form of e marketing.eBusinessEBusiness means utilizing electronic medium in everyday business activities. There are several levels of involvement in when it comes to EBusiness. For example where one organization relies completely on e business the second one way chooses a mixed presence and means of doing business.DifferenceDifference between eBusiness, eCommerce, and eMarketing eBusiness is a very broad entity dealing with the entire complex system that comprises a business that uses electronic medium to perform or assist its overall or specialized business activities. eCommerce is best described in a transactional context. So for exam ple an electronic transition of funds, information, or entertainment falls under the category handled by principles of eCommerce. Technically e commerce is a part of e business eMarketing is also a part of e business that involves electronic medium to achieve marketing objectives. E marketing is set on a strategic level in addition to traditional marketing and business strategy.Difference between e marketing and interactive marketingeMarketing is a broader term that describes any marketing activity performed via electronic medium. Interactive marketing is generally a sub of eMarketing that involves a certain level of interaction.Difference between eMarkeitng and internet or web MarketingThere is no real difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing. However, with the arrival of mobile technologies such as PDAs and 3G mobile phones, as well as interactive television, both terms would see eMarketing and internet or web marketing as subtly different, for example chaffyInt ernet or web marketing is achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology.Whilst this distinction is wholly acceptable, it is difficult to see where the distinction lies between digital technologies and electronic communications technologies, especially with the convergence of technologies such as mobile devices.Advantages of eMarketingFollowing are some of the advantages of e marketing Reduction in costs through automation and use of electronic media. Faster response to both marketers and the end user. Increased ability to measure and collect data. Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalization. Increased interactivity.Disadvantages of eMarketingFollowing are some disadvantages of eMarketing lack of personal approach , Defensibility on technology, Security, privacy issues, Maintenance costs due to a constantly evolving environment, Higher transpar ency of pricing and increased price promotion, Worldwide competition through globalization.eMarketing PlaneMarketing plan is a strategic document developed through analysis and research and is aimed at achieving marketing objectives via electronic media. eMarketing plan represents a sub set of organizations overall marketing plans supports the general business strategy. Every good eMarketing plan must be developed in line with the organizations overall marketing plan.In a broad sense e marketers generally start by analyzing the current micro- and macro economic situation of the organization. eMarketers must observe both internal and external factors when developing an e marketing plan as trends in both micro environment elements are pricing, suppliers, customers. Examples or macro environment are socio economic, political, demographics and legal factors. In order to reduce a viable e marketing solution, e marketers must first understand the current situation of the company and its e nvironment, profile, segment the target market and then strategically position the products as to achieve optimal response with the target market. This is generally achieved through SWOT analysis. By assessing organizations strengths and weaknesses and looking at current opportunities and threats one can devise an e marketing strategy that can improve the organizations bottom line.eMarketing(in brief)eMarketing is essentially a part of marketing. But What is the difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing? What are the eMarketing tools? And how do marketers plan for eMarketing?The American marketing association definition 2004 is as followsMarketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.Therefore e marketing by its very nature is one aspect of an organizational function and a set of process fo r creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. As such an aspect, eMarketing has its own approaches and tools that contribute to the achievement of marketing goals and objectives.This also helps us to differentiate between eMarkeitng and eCommerce, since eCommerce is simply buying and selling onlineWhat are the eMarketing tools?The internet has a number of tools to offer to the marketer. A company can distribute via the internet e.g. amazon.com, A company can use the internet as a way of building and maintaining a customer relationship e.g. Dell.com, The money collection part of a transaction could be done online e.g. electricity and telephone bills, Leads can be generated by attracting potential customers to sign up for short periods of time, before signing up for the long-term e.g. which.co.uk, The internet could be used for advertising e.g. Google Adwords,Finally, the web can be used as a way of collecting direct responses e.g. as part of a voting system for a game show.How do marketers plan for eMarketing?There are two ways to looking it An existing organization may embark upon some eMarkeitng as part of their marketing plan. An organization trades solely on the internet and so their marketing plan focuses purely on eMarketing.The marketing plan in either case is the next step, whether focused upon eMarketing or all, marketing. The next lessons focus upon a tailor-made eMarketing plan which conforms to the Acronym AOSTC from our generic marketing planning sessionSituation analysis for VIRTUAL marketingThe situation analysis for eMarketing bridges the internal audit and competitor research. It answers the question where are we now in terms of our marketing (internal v/s external perspective)? The analysis literally considers your eMarkeitng situation by considering the fit between internal and external factors. There are similarities with tradit ional concepts and techniques, but you need to focus upon digital commerce. Here we consider the 5ss of internet marketing, the customer life cycle, and the application of SWOT analysis.The Customer Life Cycle (CLC)The customer life cycle is a tool that creation and delivery of lifetime value to customers i.e. CLC looks at products and services that customers need throughout their lives. It is market oriented rather than product oriented. Key stages of the customer relationship are considered.SWOT analysis-ranked and weightedSWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. its flexibility. Since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. To overcome these issues, one should employ a p ower SWOT.SWOT analysis-Power SWOTSWOT analysis is a marketing audit that considers an organizations strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Our introductory lesson gives you the basics of how to compete your SWOT as you begin to learn about marketing tools. As you learn more about SWOT analysis, you will become aware of a number of potential limitations with this popular tool. This lesson aims to help you overcome potential pitfalls.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. flexibility since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. However this can lead to a number of anomalies. Problems with basis SWOT analysis can be addressed using a more critical power SWOT. Power is an acronym for personal experience, order, weighting, emphasizing detail, and rank priorities. This is how it works.How do you the marketing manager fit in relation with the SWOT analysis? You bring your experien ces, skills, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to the audit. Your perception or simple gut feeling will impact the SWOT.Often marketing managers will in adversely reverse opportunities and strengths, and threats and weaknesses. This is because the line between internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats is sometimes difficult to spot. For example, in relation to global warming and climate change, one could mistake environmentalism as a threat rather than a potential opportunity.Too often elements of a SWOT analysis are not weighted. Naturally some points will be more controversial than others, so weight the factors. One way would be to use percentages e.g. threat a=10%, threat b=70%, and threat =20 % they total 100%Detail, reasoning, and justification are often omitted from the SWOT analysis. Where one tends to find is that the analysis contains lists of single words. For example, under opportunities one might find the term technology. This stage word d oes not tell a reader very much. What is really meant is Technology enables marketers to communicate via mobile devices close to the point of purchase. This provides the opportunity of a distinct competitive advantage for our company. This will greatly assist you when deciding upon best to score and weight each element.Once detail has been added, and factors have been revived for weighting, you can then progress to give the SWOT analysis some strategic meaning i.e. you can begin to select those factors that will most greatly influence your marketing strategy albeit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens. Essentially you rank them highest to lowest, and then prioritize those with the highest rank e.g. where opportunity c= 60% opportunity a= 25% and opportunity b = 10% you marketing plan would address opportunity c first, and opportunity b last. It is important to address opportunities primarily since your business should be market oriented. Then match strengths t o opportunities and look for a fit. Address any gaps between current strengths and future opportunities. Finally attempt to rephrase threats as opportunities (as with global warming and climate change above), and address weaknesses so that they become strengths, Gap analysis would be bridge the gap between them.Competitor research for Virtual marketing (External perspective)As you plan for eMarketing and during the plans implementation, one needs to play careful attention to the activities of competitors, so competitors research for eMarketing is essential when attempting to answer the question where are we now (external perspective). There are a number of approaches that can be employed, with the emphasis on each approach shifting depending upon the nature of our e business and market. Here are some key tools of competitor research for eMarketing. Use search engines. General topics such as Google, yahoo And msn Type names of competitors Type industry, product or term Search down in to a directory structure e.g. yahoo Search a competitors web site Product information , press released, job opportunities Pricing information Distribution information such as where to buy. Hunt for trade associations Search for personal pages or blogs Different perspective e.g. fans, ex-employees. e.g.v www. blogger. com ,v www. myspace. com,v www. youtube. Com. Ask your target market. Send question to named personnel, newsgroups, personal pages, mailing lists. Conduct a survey using. Buy secondary reports e.g. data monitors, mintel. Newsgroups and post queries, newsgroups on bulletin boards or forums Deja. com(Google) Read online financial information research public companies iii.co.uk ample up ft.com up Read online competitive information. e.g. hoovers.com paid for, inus Study demographic reports statistics.gov.uk/ census in up census.gov inus Original source material Business source elite, newspapers, Kellys compass. Monitor special interest material Business source elite, news paper, Kellys, compass. Monitor special interest material. E.g. marketing week (BSE), campaign (BSE), marketing (BSE). Use a professional researcherEMarketing MixThe eMarketing mix is essentially the same as the marketing mix. it is simply the adaption of price, place product, and promotion to the eMarketing context. Of course one could also include physical evidence, people, and process when marketing planning for an online service. Below are a series of lessons that consider how markets can apply the eMarketing mix to their organizations own product, service, brand, or solution.E marketing priceThe eMarketing mix is simply an adaptation of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However, the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.E Marketing Place Place tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.)The e marketing space consists of new internet companies that have emerged as the internet has developed, as well as those pre-existing companies that n ew employ eMarketing approaches as part of their overall marketing plan. For some companies the internet is an additional channel that enhances or replaces their traditional channel of place. Pre Existing companies that have adopted eMarketing These are traditional companies that trade on the internet,Banking and financial services e.g. HSBC bank. Banks and financial services have benefited tremendously from the popularity of internet usage. There is a mixture of new online banks and traditional banks, both offering online banking services. Essentially banks no longer need to invest in high cost, high street selling unit i.e. old fashioned town-based banks. Labor costs have also been reduced since much of the traditional banking bureaucracy is done using it and the use of overseas call centers has meant that salaries are much lower. Software also means that customers can be retained by using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) eMarketing approaches.E marketing productConsidered p roduct as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision-making have been introduced- Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. Both of these tools and equally applicable to the context of e marketing and can be easily applied to include e marketing and product.For example a product marketed solely online will go through a life cycle in the same unpredictable way as a product marketed through any traditional channel (PLC). Products marketed online will have a core benefit tot eh customer, be an actual tangible product, with augmentation that ads value such as insurance, warranties and so on three levels of a product). Although tools actually specify the term product, they can be easily adapted to include brands. Services or solutions.E marketing product/business matrix (depicted below should be used in conjunction with Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. It represents additional tools for audit that bridges existing busin esses and new online start-us, and existing products and new products. It allows marketers to categories those marketing on the internet as an online extender, an online alternative, an online innovator (existing business), and Oran online innovator (online start-up). Let us look at it in more detailA- Online extenderAn on line extender is an existing business that has a strategy whereby it extends its marketing activities to the internet. It could be any traditional, terrestrial organization that has historically grown through using traditional channels of distribution to get existing products, brands, services, or solutions to market.B- Online alternativesThe online alternative is a new start-up that uses the internet as an original channel of distribution to get products, brands, services or solutions, currently available elsewhere, to, arekt. Some segments may be better targeted with this online alternative for example remote or fragmented markets.C and d- Online innovatorsOnlin e innovators come in two formsC- Online innovators are existing businesses that see a benefit to launching new and innovative products, brands, services or solutions online by leveraging new technology. Existing businesses have a wealth of knowledges and learning that underpin their moves onto the web. Remember, the internet is not a business paradigm shift (at last not yet) and so current business approaches are often adapted for the internet. Existing businesses have experience.D- Online innovators are start-ups that seize the opportunities to launch new and innovative products, brands, services, or solutions online. Deposit not having as much knowledge and learning as some of their competitors, they are flexible and can move much more quickly. Start-ups often experience.We have already considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision- making have been introduced product life cycle and the three level of a product. E marketing promotion It l ooks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at the internal optimization of the website itself. It considers many important ways of building your traffic, including Search Engine Optimization (SEO) approaches. It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Lesson internet marketing and promotion internet advertising. This lesson looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Pay per click advertising Google ad words.Google ad words are a Cost per Click (CPC) online advertising program. Identically that means that you decide upon key word that relates closely to your product or service.Using Googles tools, you price how much it would cost your per click for your chosen keyword- this could be lucent, $1.50 or more, depending on the popularity of the keyword. So the keyword marketing would be more expensive than the keyword marketing cheese china because of its level of popularity. You then allocate a budget, and pay Google by credit card. You can control the length of your campaign, or end it as soon as the money in PPC management (Pay per Click Management) or recruit a verified Google awards professional.Adverts appear alongside Google search results- so go to Google and search for marketing. The ads appearing alongside the main search results are cps. Ads also appear on selected content websites-such as www.chichesteuk.com-look at the adverts along the top, and down the right hand column- this is where ads based upon the keyword chic ester would appear. You only pay for adverts that get clicked- not for page views- so you pay nothing if your advert is simply viewed.There is also an opportunity for Smart pricing whereby you pay more for the advert if a sale is guaranteed e.g. you have a website based upon fishing- you write a review of a new type of fishing rod, the visitor then sees an ad for the sa me rod in an ad words text ad running on the same page then clicks on it and buys from the advertiser.Adwords is a very targeted and controllable way of online advertising hence the huge rises in income and profit for Google over recent times. EMarketing Price (Pricing tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.)The eMarketing mix is simply an adaption of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.International pricing and competition give consumers access to the lowest price for any generic good. For example, British consumers benefit when buying products from the United States since there is almost two dollar to the pound. Conversely this makes British goods more expensive to the American consumer. So it is cheap to buy spectacles from a us website and then to import them into the UK (even including transport costs and import taxes)Online auctions are a popular and innovative way of pricing, for e xample ebay. Here you register with the online auction company as a seller and/or a buyer. You can place an item into auction where buyers bid against each other. The highest bidder wins. The auction websites takes a commission. The commission is factored into the price you pay.Greater access to pricing information, more quickly and in a format that makes pricing comparable and transparent. There are a number of sites that will compare and contrast prices for the same or similar goods and services e.g. prices on car insurance.Pricing could also include the cost of an online advertising medium such as Google ad words. Here an online supplier would buy a keyword located in a text or image based advert onto Googles own search engine or onto a website belonging to a Google publisher. For example you search term hair straightness on Google and you are directed to a site about hair dressing. On this site is plenty of information about hair straightening, placed next to some contextual adv erts. You click on the advert and you are taken to a site selling hair dressing supplies. You buy the hair straightness and your supplier pay a small Pay-Per-Click fee which is split between Google and their publisher. This is factored into the price you pay.Traditional pricing tactics used in eMarketingOf course the internet marketers still has a whole selection of the more traditional pricing approaches to choose from that can be adapted to eMarketing scenariosPremium pricing e.g. selling music via iTunes. Penetration pricing e.g. giving away free subscription to land grab market share for new start ups such as youtube.com and myspace.com. Economy pricing e.g. selling basic products and services online likes basic design or paperclips. Price skimming e.g. new product launches online such as albums or games. Psychological pricing e.g. products and services sold at 99p or $99.99 (price point perspective). Product line pricing e.g. subscription 1 free, subscription 2 $10.00(with ad ded value) and subscription 3 $49.99 for 10 year. Pricing variations e.g. budget airlines selling tickets online where the first tickets bought are the cheapest, and the last ones bought tend to be more expensive. Optional product pricing e.g. selling a holiday online with travel insurance. Captive product pricing e.g. once you buy virus software from one brand, your updates must also come from them. Product bundle pricing e.g. buying internet access which comes with free online phone calls. Promotional pricing e.g. betting incentives, such as free dollars to gambles online for current customers that gamble on football games to tempt them to play online pocker, or vouchers with codes sent by email as rewards e.g. Amazon.com. Geographical Pricing e.g. Microsoft pricing in different currencies in different international markets.Search marketing Overture and yahooOverture is the yahoo equivalent of Googles ad words. Now known as yahoo Search marketing, overture has a series of sub-pro ducts that make up its internet marketing program. Here some examples1) Sponsored search Displays your advert at the top of the search engine results. So your potential customers search for a keyword and your advert appears at the top of the results page. Again, as this ad words, the advertisers bid against each other to obtain the position that will generate the most convertible traffic to their site. Popular keywords will cost more-obviously.2) Local advertising Gets your business listed in yahoos business directory. So if you wish to promote products in specific regions next to specific search keywords, this is a much targeted geographical services.Overture h

A CBR-based Approach to ITIL-based Service Desk Essay examples -- Custo

AbstractMany organizations customer service and proficient support department like to use assist Desk systems. It is crucial to provide a convenient and fast method. In this paper the Incident and Problem care of ITIL framework are described and used as the underlying structure of assistant Desk and then cosmic microwave background radiation technique is selected for the main implementation technique by and by make a comparison between cosmic background radiation and RBR. Lastly, this paper actually tries to work on new perspective by adopting Knowledge management techniques with service Desk systems.INTRODUCTIONThe Knowledge anxiety inspection and repair Desk has attracted attention. By adding Knowledge centering to the ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library), the importance of Knowledge counsel in IT organizations is observed more than ever. military service Desk makes the accessibility and availability of IT organizations services in supporting the agreed IT service provision become easy. By using Service Desk the reception, chemical reaction and troubleshooting of end-users issues regarding organizations services are solved. There are several problems in operate Desk topic. First is the acquisition of the knowledge about information technologies support by Service Desk. The technicians must have the knowledge of information technologies to solve the reported incident. But, nowadays the information technologies are increasing rapidly. The other problem is to determination proper solution when technicians do not possess the knowledge over domain to grow the solution in term of time consuming. Knowledge Management can be describe as a technology that increases our understandings and helps the organizations to make decisions and solve problems more effectively by providing strategy, process and technology... ...ime to fill the database, and it is effective to figure nearest neighbor of the current incident. CONCLUSIONNowadays, many organizations cust omer service and technical support department like to use Service Desk systems. It is crucial to provide a convenient and fast method. In this paper the Incident and Problem Management of ITIL framework are described and used as the underlying structure of Service Desk and then CBR technique is selected for the main implementation technique subsequently make a comparison between CBR and RBR. Lastly, this paper actually tries to work on new perspective by adopting Knowledge management techniques with Services Desk systems.Works CitedFarjadi Tehrani, A. R., & Mustafa Mohamed, F. Z. (2011). A CBR-based Approach to ITIL-based Service Desk. daybook of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 2(10), 476-484. A CBR-based Approach to ITIL-based Service Desk Essay examples -- CustoAbstractMany organizations customer service and technical support department like to use Service Desk systems. It is crucial to provide a convenient and fast method. In this paper th e Incident and Problem Management of ITIL framework are described and used as the underlying structure of Service Desk and then CBR technique is selected for the main implementation technique after make a comparison between CBR and RBR. Lastly, this paper actually tries to work on new perspective by adopting Knowledge management techniques with Services Desk systems.INTRODUCTIONThe Knowledge Management Service Desk has attracted attention. By adding Knowledge Management to the ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library), the importance of Knowledge Management in IT organizations is observed more than ever. Service Desk makes the accessibility and availability of IT organizations services in supporting the agreed IT service provision become easy. By using Service Desk the reception, reply and troubleshooting of end-users issues regarding organizations services are solved. There are several problems in Services Desk topic. First is the acquisition of the knowledge about information technologies support by Service Desk. The technicians must have the knowledge of information technologies to solve the reported incident. But, nowadays the information technologies are increasing rapidly. The other problem is to determination proper solution when technicians do not possess the knowledge over domain to find the solution in term of time consuming. Knowledge Management can be describe as a technology that increases our understandings and helps the organizations to make decisions and solve problems more effectively by providing strategy, process and technology... ...ime to fill the database, and it is effective to find nearest neighbor of the current incident. CONCLUSIONNowadays, many organizations customer service and technical support department like to use Service Desk systems. It is crucial to provide a convenient and fast method. In this paper the Incident and Problem Management of ITIL framework are described and used as the underlying structure of Service Desk and then CB R technique is selected for the main implementation technique after make a comparison between CBR and RBR. Lastly, this paper actually tries to work on new perspective by adopting Knowledge management techniques with Services Desk systems.Works CitedFarjadi Tehrani, A. R., & Mustafa Mohamed, F. Z. (2011). A CBR-based Approach to ITIL-based Service Desk. diary of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 2(10), 476-484.

Personal Narrative - Athlete to Academia Essay -- Autobiography Essay,

Athlete to Academia Instead of feeling pressure to conform as a student at the University of Georgia, I have found that creation in college has made me value the importance of a higher education more so than I ever had before. During high school, my primary goal was to stage well enough to receive a football scholarship. At that time, my focus was not on academics. However, since Ive arrived at the University of Georgia, my entire concept of the value of a college spirit level has slowly changed. Rather than seeing just football in my future, I can now picture myself as a football player with a college degree. Consequently, instead of having a negative impact on my personal growth, college has helped me broaden as a person.Contrary to popular opinion, athletes do have interests outside their sport. Since I enrolled at Georgia, I have found myself intrigued by the painters whose visions were presented in my art class, as well as by the empathy displayed in my social work cla ss. I feel as if Ive grown as a person while learning more about the world I live in. My scope of und...